Transverse Injection from Circular and Elliptic Nozzles into a Supersonic Crossflow

Gruber, Mark; Nejad, A. S.; Chen, T. H.; Dutton, J. C.

doi:10.2514/2.5609

Cited by 125 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[42][43][44] However, the RANS simulations did not capture the flow unsteadiness also when running the full three-dimensional ͑3D͒ domain and perturbing the inlet conditions. Therefore, it seemed appropriate to assume a steadystate flow field and make use of a symmetry boundary condition along the domain center line.…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed flow physics of the supersonic jet interaction flow field

2009

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The supersonic jet interaction flow field generated by a sonic circular jet with a pressure ratio of 532 exhausting into a turbulent MACH 4.0 cross flow over a flat plate was investigated using numerical simulations. The simulations made use of the three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes ͑RANS͒ equations coupled with Wilcox's 1998 k-turbulence model. The numerical solution was validated with experimental data that include the pressure distribution on the flat plate, with an empirical formula for the height of the barrel shock, and with the Schlieren pictures showing the location and shape of the main shock formations. The simulations correctly captured the location and shape of the main flow features and compared favorably with the experimental pressure distribution on the flat plate. The validated numerical simulation was used to investigate in detail the flow physics. The flow field was found to be dominated by the shock formations and their coupling with the strong vortical structures. Three primary shock formations were observed: a barrel shock, a bow shock, and a separation-induced shock wave. While the general structure of the barrel shock was found to be similar to that of the underexpanded jet exhausting into a quiescent medium, two unique features distinguished the flow field: the concave indentation in the leeside of the recompression ͑barrel͒ shock and the folding of the windward side of the barrel shock due to an inner reflection line. The presence of the steep pressure gradients associated with the shocks creates strong vortical motions in the fluid. Six primary vortices were identified: ͑i͒ the well-known horseshoe vortex, ͑ii͒ an upper trailing vortex, ͑iii͒ two trailing vortices formed in the separation region and, aft of the bow shock wave, ͑iv͒ two more trailing vortices that eventually merge together into one single rotational motion. The low-pressure region aft of the injector was found to be generated by the combined effect of the concave indentation in the leeside of the barrel shock and the lower trailing vortices. The trailing vortices were found to be the main mechanism responsible for the mixing of the injectant with the freestream fluid.

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Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed flow physics of the supersonic jet interaction flow field

2009

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“…A flush-mounted fuel injector model which is a simple geometric injection system has been investigated to understand the flow physics of the jet interaction [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Since a counter-rotating vortex pair appears behind a jet, fuel-air mixing is induced by jet penetration into supersonic crossflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of jet location on mixing characteristics inside a cavity in supersonic flow

Ukai

Zare‐Behtash

Erdem

et al. 2014

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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“…In particular, the counter-rotating vortex pair (CRVP) formed in the jet-freestream interaction dominates downstream mixing. Earlier research on JICF was focused on the understanding of mixing [30,31,32,33,34,35]. Moreover, reliable experimental data for JICF cases is available for comparison with numerical simulations of a flow similar to that which occurs in a chemical laser nozzle.…”

Section: Supersonic Jet In Crossflow (Jicf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, reliable experimental data for JICF cases is available for comparison with numerical simulations of a flow similar to that which occurs in a chemical laser nozzle. Of specific interest to us is the work of Gruber et al [35] who performed an experimental mixing study of a sonic jet injected into supersonic crossflow at Mach 1.98 revealing the overall structure of the flow. The main flow was comprised of air, with injection either of air or of helium into the flow.…”

Section: Supersonic Jet In Crossflow (Jicf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Chemical Laser Flow

Vorobieff¹,

Truman²

2006

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Executive summaryThe scope of the work as proposed to the funding agency was to carry out numerical calculations of high-speed mixing flows using GASP, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The ultimate goal is to use GASP for prediction and optimization of chemical laser flows. To do it, one must have confidence in the performance of the hydrodynamic and mixing part of the code.For complex numerical simulations, it is essential to perform code validation -a quantitative comparison of numerical results with experimental results confirming that the code faithfully reproduces the physics of the real problem. Two detailed validation exercises were performed with GASP:" Simulation of a shock-accelerated mixing flow. This validation exercise compared the numerical results produced by GASP with highly-resolved experimental data on flows subject to Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI), the preferred test problem for quantitative assessment of the performance of CFD codes in prediction of the properties of high-speed mixing flows. The validation problem revealed that GASP can faithfully reproduce all the large-scale quantitative properties of the flow. We also gained important additional insights into the strengths and limitations of GASP (and other numerical codes) in prediction of disordered small scales in flows transitioning to turbulence." General jet-in-crossflow problem. The problem of a supersonic jet discharging into a supersonic crossflow presents a significant computational challenge, yet provides a valuable validation exercise when the results are compared with experimental data. The conditions for this exercise were chosen to achieve two goals: -Provide comparison with best experimental data available in open literature.-Test the code in a generic configuration that can be easily modified to represent a specific chemical laser nozzle injection scheme.The agreement with the experimental data was quite good, yet subtle features of the flow that were not apparent in the experiment were revealed by the simulation.The results of our work are as follows."* We found the hydrodynamic model used in GASP to be suitable for prediction of mixing in chemical laser flows."* We found the error in prediction of the geometry of large-scale features (e.g., counter-rotating vortex pairs) not to exceed 10-15% when compared with experiment.

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Transverse Injection from Circular and Elliptic Nozzles into a Supersonic Crossflow

Cited by 125 publications

References 21 publications

Detailed flow physics of the supersonic jet interaction flow field

Detailed flow physics of the supersonic jet interaction flow field

Effectiveness of jet location on mixing characteristics inside a cavity in supersonic flow

Prediction of Chemical Laser Flow

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