Transtensional faulting patterns ranging from pull-apart basins to transform continental margins: an experimental investigation

Basile, Christophe; Brun, Jean

doi:10.1016/s0191-8141(98)00094-7

Cited by 105 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The geometry of early Early Miocene granitoids and their contact relationships is consistent with kinematic models of pull-apart spaces (Basile and Brun 1999) in a NE-SW-trending sinistral shear zone ( Figure 5, Table 1). …”

Section: Granitoidssupporting

confidence: 75%

Early Miocene stratigraphy of central west Anatolia, Turkey: implications for the tectonic evolution of the eastern Aegean area

Kaya

Ünay

Göktaş³

et al. 2007

Geological Journal

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Small‐mammalian faunas enable the discrimination and correlation of uppermost Lower Miocene lacustrine sedimentary units in central western Anatolia. On the basis of sequential stratigraphic relationships, early Early Miocene and latest Early Miocene relative ages are suggested for the older lacustrine mass‐flow deposits and younger paper shale units, respectively, which are devoid of age‐diagnostic fossils. In central western Anatolia, the sequential differences between the uppermost Lower Miocene successions delineate a deformation zone of NE–SW‐trending fault blocks separated by vertical faults. This deformation zone, inherited from Late Oligocene tectonics, underwent an early Early Miocene sinistral transtension leading to pull‐aparts that were emplaced by granitoids. Limited extension caused the late Early Miocene repetitive up‐ and down‐wards motions of the fault blocks, with variable magnitudes. This led to contrasting subsidence histories in the relevant basinal system. During the latest Early Miocene, fault blocks coalesced into a regional body characterized by uniform slow subsidence and non‐extensional deformation facies. The general trend of the above tectonic events can be explained by lateral slab segmentation and progressive asthenospheric wedging, in response to NE‐directed and decelerated palaeosubduction in the Aegean. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Granitoidssupporting

confidence: 75%

Early Miocene stratigraphy of central west Anatolia, Turkey: implications for the tectonic evolution of the eastern Aegean area

Kaya

Ünay

Göktaş³

et al. 2007

Geological Journal

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“…Dooley and McClay 1997;Basile and Brun 1999). Previous model pullaparts differed from our pull-apart-like structures, in that the former developed above a pre-defined releasing bend or step-over between two master fault strands (Y-shears), whereas the latter formed above a fluid body.…”

Section: Development Of Pull-apart-like Structures and Elongation Of mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Nonetheless, these studies also report early formation of oblique-normal faults at 30-65°to a basal velocity discontinuity (subperpendicular to the incremental strain ellipse long axis). These oblique-normal faults are termed 'sidewall faults' to the pull-apart basins (Dooley and McClay 1997), which also display late-stage development of a through-going 'principal displacement zone' (Y-shear in our models)- Dooley and McClay 1997;Basile and Brun 1999).…”

Section: Development Of Pull-apart-like Structures and Elongation Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue models of caldera collapse in strike-slip tectonic regimes

2007

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International audienceRegional-scale faulting, particularly in strike-slip tectonic regimes, is a relatively poorly constrained factor in the formation of caldera volcanoes. To examine interactions between structures associated with regional-tectonic strikeslip deformation and volcano-tectonic caldera subsidence, we made scaled analogue models. Tabular (sill-like) inclusions of creamed honey in a sand/gypsum mix replicated shallow-level granitic magma chambers in the brittle upper crust. Lateral motion of a base plate sited below half the sand/gypsum pack allowed simulation of regional strike-slip deformation. Our experiments modelled: (1) strike-slip deformation of a homogeneous brittle medium; (2) strike-slip deformation of a brittle medium containing a passive magma reservoir; (3) caldera collapse into sill-like magma reservoirs without regional strike-slip deformation; and (4) caldera collapse into sill-like magma reservoirs after regional strike-slip deformation. Our results show that whilst the magma chamber shape principally influences the development and geometry of volcanotectonic collapse structures, regional-tectonic strike-slip faults (Riedel shears and Y-shears) may affect a caldera's structural evolution in two main ways. Firstly, regional strike-slip faults above the magma chamber may form a pre-collapse structural grain that is exploited and reactivated during subsidence. Our experiments show that such faults may preferentially reactivate where tangential to the collapse area and coincident with the chamber margins. In this case, volcano-tectonic extension in the caldera periphery tends to localise on regional-tectonic faults that lie just outside the chamber margins. In addition, volcano-tectonic reverse faults may link with and reactivate pre-collapse regional-tectonic faults that lie just inside the chamber margins. Secondly, where regional-tectonic strike-slip faults define corners in the magma chamber margin, they may halt the propagation of volcano-tectonic reverse faults. The experiments also highlight the potential difficulties in assessing the relative contributions of volcano-tectonic and regional-tectonic subsidence processes to the final caldera structure seen in the field. Disruption of the precollapse surface by regional-tectonic faulting was preserved during coherent volcano-tectonic subsidence to produce a caldera floor of differentially-subsided fault blocks. Without definitive evidence for syn-eruptive growth faulting, thickness changes in caldera fill across such regionaltectonic fault blocks in nature could be mistaken as evidence for piecemeal volcano-tectonic collapse

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“…Oblique-slip faulting is also produced in analogue sandbox experiments of transtensional pull-apart basins (Basile and Brun 1999;Wu et al 2009). As summarized by Price (1966, p. 79-83), oblique-slip faults could reflect (1) tilting subsequent to faulting, (2) a stress field with principal axes inclined to the vertical and horizontal in an isotropic material (Williams 1958), (3) rotation of principal stress axes in an anisotropic material (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the case of movement on a pre-existing surface, slip should occur in the direction of maximum resolved shear stress, which will be a function of both the orientation of the plane relative to the principal stress axes and of the relative magnitudes of these principal stresses (Bott 1959). Oblique-slip faulting could also reflect (6) the imposed kinematic boundary constraints, as in transtensional pull-apart basin models (Basile and Brun 1999;Wu et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brittle faulting in the Rawil depression: field observations from the Rezli fault zones, Helvetic nappes, Western Switzerland

Gasser

Mancktelow

2010

Swiss J Geosci

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The Helvetic nappes in the Swiss Alps form a classic fold-and-thrust belt related to overall NNW-directed transport. In western Switzerland, the plunge of nappe fold axes and the regional distribution of units define a broad depression, the Rawil depression, between the culminations of Aiguilles Rouge massif to the SW and Aar massif to the NE. A compilation of data from the literature shows that, in addition to thrusts related to nappe stacking, the Rawil depression is cross-cut by four sets of brittle faults: (1) NE-SW striking normal faults, (2) NW-SE striking normal faults and joints, (3) ENE-WSW striking and (4) WNW-ESE striking normal plus dextral obliqueslip faults. Fault set 1 was probably initiated during sedimentation and reactivated during nappe stacking, whereas the other fault sets formed after emplacement of the Helvetic nappes. We studied in detail two well-exposed parallel fault zones from set 4, the Rezli fault zones (RFZ) in the Wildhorn Nappe. They are SW-dipping oblique-slip faults with a total displacement across the two fault zones of *200 m vertically and *680 m horizontally. The fault zones crosscut four different lithologies: limestone, intercalated marl and limestone, marl and sandstone. The internal architecture of the RFZ strongly depends on the lithology in which they developed. In the limestones, they consist of extension veins, stylolites, cataclasites and cemented gouge, in the intercalated marls and limestones of shear zones, brittle fractures and chaotic folds, in the marls of anastomosing shear zones, pressure solution seams and veins and in the sandstones of coarse breccia, brittle faults and extension veins. Sharp, discrete fault planes within the broader fault zones cross-cut all lithologies. Fossil fault zones in the Rezli area can act as a model for studying processes still occurring at deeper levels in this seismically active region.

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Transtensional faulting patterns ranging from pull-apart basins to transform continental margins: an experimental investigation

Cited by 105 publications

References 43 publications

Early Miocene stratigraphy of central west Anatolia, Turkey: implications for the tectonic evolution of the eastern Aegean area

Early Miocene stratigraphy of central west Anatolia, Turkey: implications for the tectonic evolution of the eastern Aegean area

Analogue models of caldera collapse in strike-slip tectonic regimes

Brittle faulting in the Rawil depression: field observations from the Rezli fault zones, Helvetic nappes, Western Switzerland

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