Transputer model of the human peripheral hearing system

Tyrrell, Andrew M.; Howard, David M.; Beasley, Nicola A.

doi:10.1016/0165-6074(92)90377-j

Cited by 4 publications

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“…One lations for each additional channel serially. Tyrrell, model often employed for modelling the shape of Howard and Beasley (1992) suggest that at least 24 auditory filters is the GammaTone filter, which was filter channels are required to provide a useful basis introduced to describe the shape of the impulse for the observation of perceptually relevant display response function of the auditory system as estimated of acoustic cues, and that a real-time version of such by the reverse correlation function of neural firing a system would only therefore be possible using times (Patterson 1976). In the time domain, the Gamparallel processing techniques.…”

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Psychoacoustically informed spectrography and timbre

Howard¹,

Tyrrell²

1997

Org. Sound

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Pitch and loudness are subjective aspects of sound which rating of timbre. Indeed, formal definitions of timbre can be described in terms of the observed abilities of reflect this: 'Timbre is that attribute of auditory subjects to rate them on a scale from 'low' to 'high'. Timbre sensation in terms of which a listener can judge two is a subjective aspect of sound for which there is no such sounds similarly presented and having the same loudscale and neither qualitative nor quantitative descriptions ness and pitch as being dissimilar' (ANSI 1960). In are generally found that are widely accepted. The purpose other words, two sounds which have the same perof this paper is to shed light on some frequency domain ceived loudness as well as pitch (and, to be complete, aspects of the nature of timbre by making use of the results duration), but are nevertheless perceived as being difobtained from an analysis system which is designed to take ferent, are said to differ by virtue of their timbre. advantage of contemporary psychoacoustical knowledge Timbre then, relates to those aspects of the note relating to human peripheral hearing. Results are presented which illustrate the relationship between contemporary which can be varied without affecting the perceived psychoacoustic ideas relating to timbre and ideas first pitch, duration or loudness of a note, such as the discussed by Helmholtz and later taken up by other frequencies and amplitudes of individual components researchers. Analyses by the system of a selection of sounds and how they vary during a sound. Of particular from acoustic musical instruments with clear timbral importance in relation to the perceived timbre is the differences are also presented in order to place these nature of these changes during the onset and offset discussions in a musical context. * The authors would like to thank Paul Murrin for help with the preparation of the figures. The development of the real-time For the purposes of this work, the human peripheral transputer system was supported by UK-EPSRC research grant No. GR͞J42267. hearing system is assumed to comprise the outer,

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confidence: 99%

Psychoacoustically informed spectrography and timbre

Howard¹,

Tyrrell²

1997

Org. Sound

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“…The initial version ofthe system (Tyrrell et al, 1992;Swan et al. 1994) enabled a real-time spectrogram as well as a real-time spectral bnrgraph display to be produced A screen dump of an example spectrogram is shown in gure 2 for the vowels [i5], [a:] and [u:] spoken by an adult male.…”

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Real-Time Gammatone Filterbank Spectography

HOWARD,

GARNER,

TYRRELL

2024

Speech and Hearing

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Speech scientists make extensive uSe of the spectrograph in their laboratory work. Conventional spectrographs produce an energy/frequency/time spectrogram of the input signal. based on the principle of a xed bandwidth lter oank analysis. Usually at least two lter bandwidth settings are available; a wide bandwidth to provide 'good' time response and a narrow bandwidth for good' frequency response. This paper discusses an initial implementation of a spectrograph system which models the human peripheral hearing system as a bank of GammaTone lters with bandwidths detemtined on an equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) scale. The bandwidth of ERB-based analysis lters increases with frequency; thus the human hearing system exhibits 'good' frequency response at low frequencies and 'good time response at high frequencies. This bank of lters operates in parallel in the model, and we have used transputers to implement a realtime waterfall display spectrograph based on ERB spaced GammaTone lters. The graphics output of the system is handled by a 3-D transputer graphics processor board developed at York.

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