Transposons and Gene Creation

Dooner, Hugo K.; Weil, Clifford F.

doi:10.1002/9781118500156.ch8

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…have genomes that are about 30% transposable elements; so, it was argued that the average transposable element fraction is around 30% of the plant genomes [ 28 ]. Large genome information with high accuracy and effective bioinformatics tools have unveiled the biological roles of repeated DNAs, for which several excellent reviews are available on this aspect [ 6 , 72 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Transposable Elements and Genome Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Transposable Elements and Genome Size Variations in Plants

2014

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Although the number of protein-coding genes is not highly variable between plant taxa, the DNA content in their genomes is highly variable, by as much as 2,056-fold from a 1C amount of 0.0648 pg to 132.5 pg. The mean 1C-value in plants is 2.4 pg, and genome size expansion/contraction is lineage-specific in plant taxonomy. Transposable element fractions in plant genomes are also variable, as low as ~3% in small genomes and as high as ~85% in large genomes, indicating that genome size is a linear function of transposable element content. Of the 2 classes of transposable elements, the dynamics of class 1 long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons is a major contributor to the 1C value differences among plants. The activity of LTR retrotransposons is under the control of epigenetic suppressing mechanisms. Also, genome-purging mechanisms have been adopted to counter-balance the genome size amplification. With a wealth of information on whole-genome sequences in plant genomes, it was revealed that several genome-purging mechanisms have been employed, depending on plant taxa. Two genera, Lilium and Fritillaria, are known to have large genomes in angiosperms. There were twice times of concerted genome size evolutions in the family Liliaceae during the divergence of the current genera in Liliaceae. In addition to the LTR retrotransposons, non-LTR retrotransposons and satellite DNAs contributed to the huge genomes in the two genera by possible failure of genome counter-balancing mechanisms.

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Section: Transposable Elements and Genome Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Transposable Elements and Genome Size Variations in Plants

2014

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“…One of the primary roles of DNA methylation in eukaryotic genomes is to silence the activity of transposable elements (Zemach et al., 2010), which are mobile genetic elements that can either “jump” within the genome or "copy–paste" themselves, proliferating throughout the genome (Fablet & Vieira, 2011; Göke et al., 2016; Hosaka & Kakutani, 2018). TEs play essential roles in the structure and function of the genome, and the relationship is often symbiotic rather than parasitic (Dooner & Weil, 2013). TEs are responsible for many mutations within genomes and account for the bulk of the volume of most eukaryotic genomes (Fedoroff, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TEs play essential roles in the structure and function of the genome, and the relationship is often symbiotic rather than parasitic (Dooner & Weil, 2013). TEs are responsible for many mutations within genomes and account for the bulk of the volume of most eukaryotic genomes (Fedoroff, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide exposure affects intergenerational patterns of DNA methylation in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Brevik

Bueno

McKay

et al. 2020

Evolutionary Applications

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“…They made important contributions to host genomes during evolution (Slotkin and Martienssen 2007; Pritham 2009; Rebollo et al 2012; Dooner and Weil 2013). Their intimate interactions with genic contents in genomes kindled an array of major evolutionary steps leading to current life forms (Zhou et al 2004; Lin et al 2007; Baucom et al 2009; Gonzalez et al 2009; Hollister et al 2011; Jiang et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth of Three Stowaway-like MITE Families via Microhomology-Mediated Miniaturization of a Tc1/Mariner Element in the Yellow Fever Mosquito

Yang

Fattash

Lee

et al. 2013

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Eukaryotic genomes contain numerous DNA transposons that move by a cut-and-paste mechanism. The majority of these elements are self-insufficient and dependent on their autonomous relatives to transpose. Miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are often the most numerous nonautonomous DNA elements in a higher eukaryotic genome. Little is known about the origin of these MITE families as few of them are accompanied by their direct ancestral elements in a genome. Analyses of MITEs in the yellow fever mosquito identified its youngest MITE family, designated as Gnome, that contains at least 116 identical copies. Genome-wide search for direct ancestral autonomous elements of Gnome revealed an elusive single copy Tc1/Mariner-like element, named as Ozma, that encodes a transposase with a DD37E triad motif. Strikingly, Ozma also gave rise to two additional MITE families, designated as Elf and Goblin. These three MITE families were derived at different times during evolution and bear internal sequences originated from different regions of Ozma. Upon close inspection of the sequence junctions, the internal deletions during the formation of these three MITE families always occurred between two microhomologous sites (6–8 bp). These results suggest that multiple MITE families may originate from a single ancestral autonomous element, and formation of MITEs can be mediated by sequence microhomology. Ozma and its related MITEs are exceptional candidates for the long sought-after endogenous active transposon tool in genetic control of mosquitoes.

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Transposons and Gene Creation

Cited by 6 publications

References 152 publications

Transposable Elements and Genome Size Variations in Plants

Transposable Elements and Genome Size Variations in Plants

Insecticide exposure affects intergenerational patterns of DNA methylation in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Birth of Three Stowaway-like MITE Families via Microhomology-Mediated Miniaturization of a Tc1/Mariner Element in the Yellow Fever Mosquito

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