Transportation Systems Analysis

Abstract

Aims and ScopeOptimization has been expanding in all directions at an astonishing rate during the last few decades. New algorithmic and theoretical techniques have been developed, the diffusion into other disciplines has proceeded at a rapid pace, and our knowledge of all aspects of the field has grown even more profound. At the same time, one of the most striking trends in optimization is the constantly increasing emphasis on the interdisciplinary nature of the field. Optimization has been a basic tool in all areas of applied mathematics, engineering, medicine, economics and other sciences.The Springer Optimization and Its Applications series publishes undergraduate and graduate textbooks, monographs and state-of-the-art expository works that focus on algorithms for solving optimization problems and also study applications involving such problems. Some of the topics covered include nonlinear optimization (convex and nonconvex), network flow problems, stochastic optimization, optimal control, discrete optimization, multi-objective programming, description of software packages, approximation techniques and heuristic approaches. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com IntroductionScience is made of facts just as a house is made of bricks, but a collection of facts is no more science than a pile of bricks is a house.Henri PoincaréThe aim of the disciplines of praxis is not theoretical knowledge. . . . It is to change the forms of action. . . . AristotleTransportation systems consist not only of the physical and organizational elements that interact with each other to produce transportation opportunities, but also of the demand that takes advantage of such opportunities to travel from one place to another. This travel demand, in turn, is the result of interactions among the various economic and social activities located in a given area. Mathematical models of transportation systems represent, for a real or hypothetical transportation system, the demand flows, the functioning of the physical and organizational elements, the interactions between them, and their effects on the external world. Mathematical models and the methods involved in their application to real, large-scale systems are thus fundamental tools for evaluating and/or designing ...

The use of microsimulation models for the planning and management of metro systems

“…This model has as input data the output from service and travel demand simulation models. Details on this kind of model, indicated in the literature as cost functions, can be found in [34] and [35]. The TDSM can be formulated as:…”

Dynamic user equilibrium in public transport networks with passenger congestion and hyperpaths

“…Following [14], it is possible to prove the existence of the network equilibrium because all the maps and functions, defined over the nonempty, compact, and convex set of arc flows, are (upper semi) continuous. Conversely, it is not possible to prove mathematically the uniqueness of the equilibrium because the problem does not have separable APFs (as in [32]), but the generalised travel cost for queuing arcs depends on the link flow on the queuing arc considered, as well as on adjacent dwelling arcs (equations (5) - (7)).…”

“…Finally the APF and congestion parameters are updated for every edge according to equations (1) - (11). (7,9) and (8,10), and similarly the two route sections connecting Stop 3 and Stop 4 are represented by distinct line arcs (11,14) and (12,15).…”

An Induced Demand Model for High Speed 1 in UK

“…A transportation system is a set of elements interconnected by complex relationships, such as supply sub-system, demand sub-system, residences and activities sub-system; whenever an action is planned on a part of a transportation system, there are unavoidable impacts on other parts, positive or negative. Improvement within the supply sub-system, such as the introduction of a new road infrastructure, of faster/cheaper services, more comfortable vehicles, or in any case actions that increase the utility and/or the satisfaction of the customer about the possibility of moving, create a new share in travel demand [3,4]. Any intervention on a given transport link, producing a mode shift, determines a number of trips which can be split in two parts:  A diverted demand, that is the number of trips previously carried out by other transport modes, by other route with the same transport mode, or by other services in the same route;  An induced demand, that is a number of shifts previously not existed and generated directly by the intervention performed [5].…”