Transportation of Sediment Carried During Flood Events in a Small Urban Catchment

Krajewski, Adam; Gładecki, J.; Banasik, Kazimierz

doi:10.15576/asp.fc/2018.17.3.119

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The influence of several extreme rainfall events on very high suspended solids concentration and load in small rivers was also noted by Tramblay et al [47]. During 12 rainfall-induced floods in the small basin of the Sluzew Creek located in Warsaw (A = 28.7 km 2 ), the maximum suspended solids concentration varied from 102 to 429 g•m −3 and was several dozen times higher than the annual average [29]. In turn, Old et al [48] found that the suspended solids concentration during a specific rainfall increased almost 100-fold within 15 min (from 14 to 1360 mg•L −1 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…During both analysed rainfall events (21 and 25 July) in the Silnica sub-catchments with a high proportion of impervious areas, the first flush effect was observed. A similar phenomenon, of the rapid increase in suspended solids concentration and the occurrence of its maximum value before the culmination of the flood wave in small watercourses, has been documented many times [22,29,[53][54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The analysis of the most intense fluvial processes occurring during rainfall-induced floods has been the subject of many studies [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. There are fewer papers, however, on these processes in rivers that drain urbanised areas [29,30]. To date, research devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the City on the Rapid Increase in the Runoff and Transport of Suspended and Dissolved Solids During Rainfall—The Example of the Silnica River (Kielce, Poland)

Ciupa

Suligowski

2020

Water

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Urbanisation changes the water cycle and affects the parameters of transported, suspended and dissolved matter, especially in small river catchments. This paper presents the reasons why river runoff and fluvial transport rapidly increase during rainfall-induced summer floods in the stretch of the Silnica River that flows through the centre of Kielce, a city with a population of 200,000. Examples of implemented hydrotechnical solutions that aim to reduce the height of flood waves and eliminate water accumulation are also presented. The 18.05 km long Silnica River drains a catchment area of 49.4 km2. It flows through areas of varied land use, which have determined the location of five hydrometric stations (outlets) at different sub-catchments: Dabrowa(forest), Piaski (suburbia) and Jesionowa (includes a reservoir), as well as Pakosz and Bialogon (largely impervious areas in the city centre). Specific runoff, suspended and dissolved solids concentration and the specific load of these two types of fluvial transport were determined. It was found that the maximum specific runoff in the outlets of urban sub-catchments was significantly higher during floods than those of the sub-catchments upstream of the city centre; the suspended solids concentration was several times higher, and the suspended solids load was approximately 200 times higher. Recognition of the basic parameters of rainfall-induced flood waves, as well as the dynamics and size of fluvial transport at the hydrometric stations, especially at the outlets of sub-catchments with a large proportion of impervious area (approximately 30%), has become the basis for the development and implementation of modernisation projects and the construction of hydrotechnical facilities and devices in the river channel in the centre of Kielce.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Impact of the City on the Rapid Increase in the Runoff and Transport of Suspended and Dissolved Solids During Rainfall—The Example of the Silnica River (Kielce, Poland)

Ciupa

Suligowski

2020

Water

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“…Fine-grained soils dominate the watershed area. Previous investigations conducted in the Służew Creek catchment were related to urban hydrology with a focus on flood flow estimation [33,34] and operation of small detention ponds for flood and sediment load reduction [35,36] or sediment transport [37,38]. The climate in Poland is continental and in the case of the analyzed study site it may be described as moderate.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Study Catchmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the Initial Abstraction Ratio in an Urban and an Agroforested Catchment

Krajewski

Sikorska‐Senoner

Hejduk

et al. 2020

Water

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The Curve Number method is one of the most commonly applied methods to describe the relationship between the direct runoff and storm rainfall depth. Due to its popularity and simplicity, it has been studied extensively. Less attention has been given to the dimensionless initial abstraction ratio, which is crucial for an accurate direct runoff estimation with the Curve Number. This ratio is most often assumed to be equal to 0.20, which was originally proposed by the method’s developers. In this work, storm events recorded in the years 2009–2017 in two small Polish catchments of different land use types (urban and agroforested) were analyzed for variability in the initial abstraction ratio across events, seasons, and land use type. Our results showed that: (i) estimated initial abstraction ratios varied between storm events and seasons, and were most often lower than the original value of 0.20; (ii) for large events, the initial abstraction ratio in the catchment approaches a constant value after the rainfall depth exceeds a certain threshold value. Thus, when using the Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method, the initial abstraction ratio should be locally verified, and the conditions for the application of the suggested value of 0.20 should be established.

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“…The equipment used for taking SS samples did not allowed us to take any samples during the night time. This may have limitations in case of storm events occurring during the night time (Krajewski et al 2018) and is discussed further in sect. 5.…”

Section: Field Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspended sediment routing through a small on-stream reservoir based on particle properties

Krajewski

Sikorska‐Senoner

2021

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose A novel concept of suspended sediment (SS) routing through a small reservoir is proposed that relies on the particle properties in the reservoir inflow. Methods The SS routing through the reservoir is described following the single continuous stirred tank reactor concept with only one model parameter, the SS decay coefficient. This parameter is linked to the sediment settling velocity and water flow velocity. Hence, the model does not require a direct calibration with recorded data. This model was tested on a small reservoir in Warsaw, Poland, with seven storm events. Suspended sediment samples at the reservoir inflow and outflow were taken manually during the passage of flood flows at irregular intervals. The performance of the proposed method was verified with the approach when the model parameter is estimated directly from recorded events. Results The parameter calculated based on particle properties was about 10 times higher than the corresponding parameter optimized from recorded SS events. Hence, there was a need to introduce a correction factor to accurately predict the effluent SS. This led to a high model performance for all events (Nash-Sutcliffe = 0.672 on average). Conclusions (i) The proposed SS routing model based on particle properties has been proven to accurately simulate SS in the reservoir outlet. (ii) Thus, the parameter can be estimated from the sediment settling velocity and water flow velocity, but the correction factor must be applied. (iii) Our findings acknowledge difficulties in describing SS routing through small reservoirs and indicate a lack of knowledge on the functioning of these reservoirs.

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Transportation of Sediment Carried During Flood Events in a Small Urban Catchment

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Impact of the City on the Rapid Increase in the Runoff and Transport of Suspended and Dissolved Solids During Rainfall—The Example of the Silnica River (Kielce, Poland)

Impact of the City on the Rapid Increase in the Runoff and Transport of Suspended and Dissolved Solids During Rainfall—The Example of the Silnica River (Kielce, Poland)

Variability of the Initial Abstraction Ratio in an Urban and an Agroforested Catchment

Suspended sediment routing through a small on-stream reservoir based on particle properties

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