Transportation of coal concentrates at negative ambient temperatures

Abstract

In the cold season, irregular coal supplies to coke plants are aggravated by the need to heat the coal cars. Thawing of rail cars in garages (enclosures) is the least efficient and most expensive approach. Treatment of the coal concentrates with chemical additives reliably prevents freezing in winter during transit from sup pliers to consumers.

Current Aspects of Prevention of Coal Freezing by Means of Inorganic and Organic Reagents

“…Comparison of results indicates that treatment with 5.0% salt by the proposed third method reduces the freezing point of the coal from to -14.7°C and not at -13.5°C (1 and 2 methods) [7].…”

“…It is found that CaO may expediently be used to prevent freezing if its activity is no less than 85-88% and the ambient temperature is not below -(15-16) °C [7]. At lower temperatures, freezing is not prevented by unslaked lime even in quantities of 3-6% of the mass of coal.…”

Prevention of Coal Raw Materials Freezing by Means of Organosilicon Compounds

“…The study used an organosilicon fluid GKZh-94, which is a colorless slightly yellow liquid. Density -0,996-1,003 g/cm 3 ; freezing temperature -50 °C; pH not less than 6. In water it is insoluble, but well forms an emulsion, corrosion inactive, does not emit harmful vapors and gases, weatherproof.…”

Kinetics of biomass low-temperature pyrolysis by coats–redfern method

“…For example, the biomass in a natural state has a high humidity, which reaches to 30.4-79.7% [8], what leads to a low calorific value in terms of the operating state. In addition, such a high humidity of biomass leads to its caking, sticking during a transportation, and in winterto freezing, what additionally complicates the process of transportation and unloading of raw materials [9]. Some types of biomass (for example, bran) are prone to slagging of heating surfaces during combustion [10], as a result of which the service life of the fuel-burning equipment is reduced and the cost of repair works is increased.…”