Transportation in the Interstitial Space of the Brain Can Be Regulated by Neuronal Excitation

Shi, Ce; Lei, Yiming; Han, Hongbin; Zuo, Long; Yan, Junhao; He, Qichun; Yuan, Lan; Liu, Huipo; Xu, Ge; Xu, Weiguo

doi:10.1038/srep17673

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The ISF pathway is mostly active during sleep when the clearance of harmful metabolites such as beta-amyloid increases two-fold relative to the waking state [74]. By using a newly developed in vivo tracer-based MRI technique, Han and his group demonstrated the drainage of ISF from deep brain regions into the surface of the cerebral cortex [10,46,93]. In addition, they showed that the traced ISF from the caudate nucleus drained into the ipsilateral cerebral cortex along the myelin fiber tracts and then into the subarachnoid space [10].…”

Section: Drainage Of Isf From the Brain Issmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interstitial System of the Brain in Health and Disease

Shetty

Zanirati

2020

Aging and disease

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The brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cushion and support the brain cells. The ISF occupies the brain interstitial system (ISS), whereas the CSF fills the brain ventricles and the subarachnoid space. The brain ISS is an asymmetrical, tortuous, and exceptionally confined space between neural cells and the brain microvasculature. Recently, with a newly developed in vivo measuring technique, a series of discoveries have been made in the brain ISS and the drainage of ISF. The goal of this review is to confer recent advances in our understanding of the brain ISS, including its structure, function, and the various processes mediating or disrupting ISF drainage in physiological and pathological conditions. The brain ISF in the deep brain regions has recently been demonstrated to drain in a compartmentalized ISS instead of a highly connected system, together with the drainage of ISF into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the surface of the cerebral cortex and the transportation from CSF into cervical lymph nodes. Besides, accumulation of tau in the brain ISS in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and its link to the sleep-wake cycle and sleep deprivation, clearance of ISF in a deep sleep via increased CSF flow, novel approaches to remove beta-amyloid from the brain ISS, and obstruction to the ISF drainage in neurological conditions are deliberated. Moreover, the role of ISS in the passage of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from neural cells and the rapid targeting of therapeutic EVs into neural cells in the entire brain following an intranasal administration, and the promise and limitations of ISS based drug delivery approaches are discussed Key words: beta-amyloid, cerebrospinal fluid, extracellular matrix, extracellular vesicles, glymphatic system, interstitial fluid, phosphorylated tau contiguous glia, or the adjoining neurons and glia is also known as the extracellular space (ECS) [1-3].

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Section: Drainage Of Isf From the Brain Issmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interstitial System of the Brain in Health and Disease

Shetty

Zanirati

2020

Aging and disease

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“…The calculation of interstitial fluid flow parameters used in this study has been applied in: Transportation in the interstitial space of the brain can be regulated by neuronal excitation [8], the calculation is as below:…”

Section: Calculation Of Interstitial Fluid Flow Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Interstitial Fluid Drainage Alterations in Glioma-Bearing Rats

Guan¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2018

Aging and disease

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Real time imaging and measurement of the drug distribution in the brain interstitial space (ISS) are able to determine the effeicency of local brain drug delivery to treatment gliomas. In the present study, we used a tracer-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to quantitatively analyze the effects of glioma growth on ISF drainage. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). C6 glioma cells were implanted into either the caudate nucleus or thalamus of rats and then were examined 10 or 20 days after implantation. The two control groups were treated with vehicle. A tracer was injected into the caudate nucleus of control rats and rats with gliomas growing in the thalamus for 10 or 20 days. The tracer was similarly injected into the thalamus of control rats and rats implanted with gliomas in the caudate nucleus. The diffusion and clearance parameters of the tracer were calculated using tracer-based MRI techniques. We found that glioma implanted in the caudate nucleus significantly decreased the speed of the ISF flow in thalamus. With the growth of the glioma in thalamus, the drainage route of the brain ISF flow was altered in the caudate nucleus, but the speed of the flow was not significantly changed. These findings indicate that tracer-based MRI is a promising technique for optimizing the interstitial administration of therapeutics aimed at treating brain gliomas.

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“…The same team of researchers recently found that the cerebral interstitial fluid drainage was partitioned and the new division was completely different from any previous regionalization. [20][21][22] This finding was helpful for exploring the mechanism underlying SDD.…”

Section: Parameters As a New Diagnostic Methods In Therapeutic Evaluatmentioning

confidence: 96%