Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions and its Relationship with Urban Form, Transit Accessibility and Emerging Green Technologies: A Montreal Case Study

Zahabi, Seyed Amir H; Miranda-Moreno, Luis F.; Patterson, Zachary; Barla, Philippe; Harding, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.812

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In terms of the transportation effect, HSR can directly replace short air routes; this reduces carbon emissions, since rail emits less greenhouse gas per travel unit (e.g., passenger kilometer or ton kilometer) [27]. The same rationale applies to road transport [25] and urban transport such as metros [54,55]. For instance, research finds that encouraging public transport and restricting car use reduces the overall energy consumption of China's transportation industry by 21% and contributes to lower carbon emissions [56].…”

Section: Background and Conceptual Analytic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, urban public transportation can replace private car usage, promote industrial structure upgrading and reduce urban carbon emissions [56,69]. On the other hand, promoting urban public transportation may also have unintended consequences on the environment; e.g., increasing travel convenience can induce more travel demand, which then consumes more energy and emits greater greenhouse gases into the environment [54,55]. Hence, the constructed hypotheses for urban public transportation are as follows: The urban public transport system is composed of roads, buses, and subways.…”

Section: Fundamental Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Panel Investigation of High-Speed Rail (HSR) and Urban Transport on China’s Carbon Footprint

Strauss

2019

Sustainability

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Rapid urbanization and industrialization in Chinese cities have substantially elevated carbon emissions, and transportation plays a major role in these emissions. Due to data availability, research on the impact of both high-speed rail (HSR) and other urban transportation modes on urban carbon emissions is rare. Using a relatively large panel of 194 Chinese cities from 2008–2013, we examine the impact of HSR, conventional rail, bus, roads, and subways on urban carbon emissions. We further document the interaction of these transport modes with geo-economic variables, and more accurately measure HSR’s impact on emissions using a comprehensive accessibility metric. During this time, China developed, constructed and began to operate an extensive HSR network. Our results show that increases in HSR lead to rises in carbon emissions, emissions per GDP unit and per capita. We also find that transportation’s impact on carbon emissions differs by city size and region, and transportation modes significantly interact with GDP, population and urban area to affect carbon emissions. These interactions imply that the government’s promotion of HSR over conventional rail may have unintended consequences and boost urban carbon emissions.

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Section: Background and Conceptual Analytic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fundamental Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Panel Investigation of High-Speed Rail (HSR) and Urban Transport on China’s Carbon Footprint

Strauss

2019

Sustainability

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“…In the study, lower levels of per capita gasoline consumption were also a result of households in denser areas using more fuel efficient vehicles. Similarly, Zahabi et al (2012) find that a 10% increase in density could result in a 3.5% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions.…”

Section: Research By Petermentioning

confidence: 89%

A socio-ecological exploration into urban form: The environmental costs of travel

Kotval-K

Vojnovic

2016

Ecological Economics

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research also has shown that greater inequalities of power and wealth are in themselves responsible for increasing environmental degradation (Boyce, 1994; Boyce et al, 1999). These broader global trends in income variation, consumption and environmental burdens have also translated into an assessment of local outcomes. William Rees' (1992) research on Canada's Lower Fraser Valley, explores local socio-ecological conditions in a high-income urban context. He shows that under conservative estimates, this region of 1,544 square miles in British Columbia, which includes the City of Vancouver, requires an area some 20 times greater than the region to meet local consumption. The resulting energy and material demands of this high-income population necessitates the import of extensive resources from outside of the region, and even Canada. Other research, including by Wackernagel and Rees (1996), Hedenus and Azar (2005), White (2007), Zhou and Imura (2011), and Jenerette et al (2006), also support the findings that there is considerable variability in consumption and environmental impacts between regions or nations, extensively shaped by income variations. McGranahan and Satterthwaite (2002) developed a systematic conceptualization of the relationship between income, consumption and the nature of environmental burdens within cities. They argue that in low-income cities, with limited industries and low per capita and aggregate consumption, the populations maintain the least transfer of environmental burdens. The more limited environmental stresses associated with low-income cities also remain largely localized, evident in pressures such as inadequate sanitation, deficient water provision and poor air quality. In contrast, high-income cities, due to the high per capita and aggregate consumption, maintain the most widespread environmental burdens, which are the greatest threat to the planetary support systems. Yet as a result of the strict urban-environmental control measures and financial ability to adopt new technologies, the urban populations within high

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“…Extensive literature has explored the impact of built environment attributes, including street design, population density, land use diversity, destination accessibility, and distance to transit on individuals' travel behaviors [23][24][25][26][27]. Specifically, Zahabi, et al [28] found that land use mix, population density and public transit accessibility had statistically significant and negative effects on the carbon footprint of daily travel. Ewing and Cervero [29] summarized that transit access, intersection density and street connectivity were associated with travel mode choices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Influences the Choice Between Private Car and Public Transport for Shopping Trips? Impact of Socio-economic and Built Environment Factors

Guo

2018

jaes

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Shifting toward sustainable daily travel will play a significant role in the future of sustainable development and the lowering of carbon emissions. This study provides an in-depth comparison of transport mode choice and corresponding CO 2 emissions between private cars and public transport used for shopping trips based on individual data from a travel survey conducted in Shenyang, China. The analysis found that bus travel accounted for the majority of motorized transportation. Public transport users were closely distributed along the bus or metro lines, and aggregated private car users were mainly clustered within the second circumferential road. Furthermore, average per trip emissions for private car travel were 8-fold that of public transport. Binary logistic regression modeling was employed to examine factors that were related to the choice between private car and public transport, and the results indicated that car ownership and gender were the most important factors in explaining the preference of car driving. Age and per capita monthly income were negatively correlated with car driving. In addition, there were also negative impacts associated to the built environment factors of access to the closest metro stations and the number of bus stops near the residence on car driving. This study is vital to formulate more effective transportation policy measures in the future development for a sustainable low-carbon city.

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Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions and its Relationship with Urban Form, Transit Accessibility and Emerging Green Technologies: A Montreal Case Study

Cited by 58 publications

References 22 publications

A Panel Investigation of High-Speed Rail (HSR) and Urban Transport on China’s Carbon Footprint

A Panel Investigation of High-Speed Rail (HSR) and Urban Transport on China’s Carbon Footprint

A socio-ecological exploration into urban form: The environmental costs of travel

What Influences the Choice Between Private Car and Public Transport for Shopping Trips? Impact of Socio-economic and Built Environment Factors

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