Transport tax in Russia as a promising tool for the reduction of airborne emissions and the development of the road network

Abstract

This paper focuses on the fact that Russia is to see an accelerated and unregulated growth of the car fleet, while the development of the road network is seriously lagging behind. The paper looks at the theoretical aspects of the internalization of transport externalities and analyzes negative externalities of car use. It characterizes the key negative impacts that potentially need to be offset through transport tax. It is proved that the impacts are most prominent in areas with a higher rate of car ownership where a large part of the population develops strong automobile dependency. The hypothesis is put forth that the situations differ with regard to positive and negative externalities and, consequently, should determine different conditions for transport tax, the development of the road network and vehicle growth control policies. The model of transport tax that exists now in Russia is analyzed and its key advantages and disadvantages are outlined. This paper provides reasons for a conclusion that the current tax rates in Russia's regions are not aligned with the level of road infrastructure. New goals for the tax reform are proposed: to enhance its fiscal function and assign it a regulatory role. Conceptual provisions of a new transport tax model have been formulated and a differentiation system has been substantiated for territories and tax rates depending on a ratio of positive and negative effects of car use.

Investigation on the Possibility of Increasing the Environmental Safety and Fuel Efficiency of Vehicles by Means of Gasoline Nano-Additive

“…The study on the impact of emerging next-generation vehicles with smart vehicle technologies on the vehicle market [9] revealed that the cars using conventional motor fuels would keep their current position. The problem of the ecological danger of fuels and their combustion products requires one to look for integrated solutions, including new approaches in car and engine constructions [10]; improving the technological parameters of transport, with emphasis on multi-material construction for weight reduction [11]; increasing the adaptability of vehicles to operating conditions [12], in particular under weather changes [13], with application of such instruments as the dynamic vehicle scheduling [14]; tightening international and national requirements for fuel quality [15][16][17], use of tax instruments [3,[18][19][20][21]. Limited possibilities for improving the quality of motor fuels by refining methods [22][23][24] necessitate the use of fuel additives of various purposes, the combination of which in small amounts ensures the environmental and operational characteristics achieve the desired level [25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Theoretical and methodological aspects of building optimal system of transport payments

“…В табл. 1 нами представлена характеристика основных отрицательных эффектов от использования автотранспорта, которые потенциально нуждаются в компенсации через транспортное обложение [Mayburov, Leontyeva, 2015а;].…”

Theoretical framework for building optimal transport taxation system

“…Table presents the characteristics of the key negative externalities of car use that need to be corrected through transport tax. It has to be noted that the presented externalities are the ones that are most apparent at a higher rate of car ownership when a considerable part of the population of a territory develops strong automobile dependency [13][14][15].…”