Transport properties of HFC and HFO based refrigerants using an excess entropy scaling approach

Fouad, Wael A.; Vega, Lourdes F.

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2017.09.006

Cited by 58 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The P-H diagram of R463A and R404A is shown in Figure 7. Both refrigerants conformed to the use of the REFPROP [59,60,70] and CYCLE_D-HX [61,62,71] software, and are in accordance with the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) standards, as shown in Table 4 [34, 63,64].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R404A is an azeotropic blend of 143a/125/134a with zero ODP, and is nonflammable, nontoxic, and operates under low pressure, but has a GWP of 3922 [52]. R407A [53], R407F [54], R407H [55], R410A [56], R442A [57], R448A [58], R449A [59], R452A [60], R453A [57], and R463A [50] were developed to be retrofitted to replace R404A, and are mixed with HCs, HFOs, R134A, and R32. This is similar to the refrigerant that was developed for R22 and R134A but does not include R463A, which is being presented as a refrigerant for comparative purposes in this research as it is composed of R744 (carbon dioxide), which is a natural refrigerant similar to R445A [61] and R455A [62].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medium back pressure standard testing for refrigeration systems[34,63,64]. Properties of R463A obtained from REFPROP.The properties of R463A, R404A, and other refrigerants, summarized in Tables 5-8, conform to the use of REFPROP[59,60,70] and CYCLE_D-HX[61,62,71] software, as stipulated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)[65][66][67], and are in accordance with the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) standards, as shown inTable 4[34,63,64]. Both software programs can predefine mixtures and create new refrigerant mixtures.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

et al. 2020

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This research presents the development of R463A refrigerant, a nonflammable refrigerant that was retrofitted to replace R404A. R463A is primarily composed of hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbons/carbon dioxide (HFCs/HCs/CO2), and has global-warming potential (GWP) of 1494. It is a nonazeotropic mixture of R32 (36%), R125 (30%), R134a (14%), R1234yf (14%), and R744 (6%). R463A is composed of polyol ester oil (POE), and it is classified as a Class A1 incombustible and nontoxic refrigerant. R463A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) than that of R404A, as it is composed of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 and carbon dioxide (CO2) R744, and has lower GWP than that of R404A due to the use of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) from R1234yf. The results of this research showed that R463A can be retrofitted to replace R404A due to its composition of POE, Class A1 incombustibility, and lower toxicity. The properties of R463A and R404A, as analyzed using national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software, are in accordance with the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standards of the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). The normal boiling point of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 23%, with a higher cooling capacity and a 63% lower GWP value than that of R404A. The critical pressure and temperature of R463A were found to be higher than those of R404A; it can be used in a high-ambient-temperature environment, has higher refrigerant and heat-rejection effects, and has lower GWP than that of R404A by 52% due to the HFOs from the R1234yf component. The cooling coefficient of performance (COPc) of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 10% under low-temperature applications. R463A is another refrigerant option that is composed of 7% carbon dioxide (CO2), and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs, HFOs, HCs, and natural refrigerants, which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

et al. 2020

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“…These equations and their computational usage have been incorporated into the NIST REFPROP database. While properties obtained using fluid-specific correlations cannot be denied, NIST REFPROP proved to produce reliable performance [29]. The estimated uncertainties of calculated properties are 0.1% in density and 0.5% in heat capacity [30].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Novel Hybrid Deep Neural Network Model to Predict the Refrigerant Charge Amount of Heat Pumps

et al. 2020

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Improper refrigerant charge amount (RCA) is a recurring fault in electric heat pump (EHP) systems. Because EHP systems show their best performance at optimum charge, predicting the RCA is important. There has been considerable development of data-driven techniques for predicting RCA; however, the current data-driven approaches for estimating RCA suffer from poor generalization and overfitting. This study presents a hybrid deep neural network (DNN) model that combines both a basic DNN model and a thermodynamic model to counter the abovementioned challenges of existing data-driven approaches. The data for designing models were collected from two EHP systems with different specifications, which were used for the training and testing of models. In addition to the data obtained using the basic DNN model, the hybrid DNN model uses the thermodynamic properties as a thermodynamic model. The testing results show that the hybrid DNN model has a prediction performance of 93%, which is 21% higher than that of the basic DNN model. Furthermore, for model training and model testing, the hybrid DNN model has a 6% prediction performance difference, indicating its reliable generalization capabilities. To summarize, the hybrid DNN model improves data-driven approaches and can be used for designing efficient and energy-saving EHP systems.Sustainability 2020, 12, 2914 2 of 23 and decreased the capacity by~20%; moreover, improper RCA can further reduce the efficiency of on-site ACs by 10-20% [9].In a field study, the refrigerant was improperly charged for~50% of the on-site heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems [8,10]. Furthermore, more than half of the residential cooling systems showed improper RCA problems [8]. For the long-term operation of systems, mechanical wear or improper maintenance could lead to refrigerant leakage or overcharge, which, in turn, resulted in reduced system operation efficacy and increased energy consumption [11]. Moreover, improper RCA can result in decreased system performance, increased energy consumption, and reduced life span of the system [12]. In the long run, from an economic point of view, improper RCA can lead to an increase in the operational cost of a building system; thus, if the RCA of a running system in a building can be effectively estimated, it can be positively used to solve the abovementioned problems.The topic of RCA detection is not widely discussed in the literature and only a few studies have been conducted for detecting RCA [13][14][15][16][17]. For example, a polynomial expression-based RCA detection algorithm was developed using only subcooling. The results showed relatively good predictions within a relative deviation of 8.0% [13]; however, although approaches based on mathematical expression models allow accurate predictions of RCA, they are often designed for individual systems, thus making their applications on other on-site EHP systems difficult [2,14]. Moreover, they may require several sensors to implement, thus leading to increase in cost. Other studies r...

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“…It is based on highly accurate pure fluid and mixture models. It implements 3 models for the determination of thermodynamic properties of pure fluids: equation of state explicit in Helmholz energy, the modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation of state, and an extended corresponding state model (ESC) [13] and [14].…”

Section: Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison between Two High-Temperature Heat-Pumps for the Production of Sanitary Water

2018

SV-JME

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High-temperature heat-pumps are devices that exploit low-temperature heat sources for the production of hot water at high temperatures. This paper presents a comparison between two high temperature heat-pumps for the production of hot sanitary water of temperatures between 65 °C and 85 °C. A high-temperature heat-pump that uses ammonia as a refrigerant and transcritical heat-pump that uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant were compared in terms of coefficient of performance. Theoretical calculations were based on the REFPROP property method within Aspen Plus software. The simulations showed that the ammonia high-temperature heat-pump outperforms the transcritical heat-pump in terms of coefficient of performance within the evaporation temperature range between -20 °C and 20 °C. Highlights• Paper presents modelling two high-temperature heat-pumps using REFPROP property method. • Two refrigerants were compared, ammonia and CO2 in terms of COP. • A double stage ammonia heat-pump has a higher COP than the transcritical heat-pump. • Heat-pump technology is cheaper than the technology of transcritical heat-pumps.

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Transport properties of HFC and HFO based refrigerants using an excess entropy scaling approach

Cited by 58 publications

References 60 publications

Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

A Novel Hybrid Deep Neural Network Model to Predict the Refrigerant Charge Amount of Heat Pumps

The Comparison between Two High-Temperature Heat-Pumps for the Production of Sanitary Water

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