Transport Properties of Gases in Polymers: Experimental Methods

Flaconnèche, B.; Martin, Joseph; Klopffer, Marie-Hélène

doi:10.2516/ogst:2001022

Cited by 111 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For PA11, after determining the influence of temperature and of the nature of the gas used, the effect of the plasticizer incorporation in this polymer was studied. Regarding PVF 2 , apart the classic parameters that are temperature and the kind of gas used, we compare the coefficients of transport of CH 4 and CO 2 the "medium pressure" equipment used and its working procedure are detailed in [3]. Permeability, diffusion and solubility are obtained from the experimental curves, by using the "time lag" method.…”

Section: Permeability Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the permeability coefficient, Pe, expressed in cm 3 (STP)/cm·s·MPa, is directly proportional to the slope of the straight line representing the gas flow rate versus the applied pressure, in steady state, and is written as: (1) where Q is the amount of gas in cm 3 (STP), l is the membrane thickness in cm, A is the diffusion area in cm 2 , t is the time in s, and p is the applied pressure in MPa. The diffusion area was equal to 12.57 cm 2 [2,3].…”

Section: Permeability Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, the equipment of permeation and the time lag method, described in [3], are used to obtain the transport coefficients of gases in three semicrystalline polymers: polyethylene (PE), polyamide 11 (PA11) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF 2 ). Some of the characteristics of these polymers were determined before and after permeation measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Permeability, Diffusion and Solubility of Gases in Polyethylene, Polyamide 11 and Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)

Flaconnèche

Martin

Klopffer

2001

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

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163

143

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Résumé -Perméabilité, diffusion et solubilité des gaz dans le polyéthylène, le polyamide 11 et le polyfluorure de vinylidène -Les coefficients de transport de gaz, c'est-à-dire la perméabilité, la diffusion et la solubilité, sont déterminés par la méthode du temps retard sur une cellule de perméabilité spécifique. Trois polymères semi-cristallins, le polyéthylène (PE), le polyamide 11 (PA11) et le polyfluorure de vinylidène (PVDF) sont étudiés en présence d'hélium (He), d'argon (Ar), d'azote (N 2 ), de méthane (CH 4 ) et de dioxyde de carbone (CO 2 ) pour des températures de 40 à 80°C dans le cas du PE et de 70 à 130°C pour les deux autres matériaux. Les pressions appliquées sont dans la majorité des tests de 10 MPa pour He, Ar, N 2 et CH 4 et de 4 MPa pour le CO 2 , sauf dans quelques cas particuliers où nous avons regardé l'influence de la pression. Dans le cas du PE, l'influence de la fraction volumique de phase amorphe, comprise entre 0,21 et 0,70, de la température et de la nature du gaz sur les processus de transport de gaz est étudiée. L'indépendance de ces phénomènes vis-à-vis de la pression et de l'épaisseur de l'échantillon, comprise entre 0,5 et 6 mm, est également démontrée. En ce qui concerne le PA11, après avoir déterminé l'influence de la température et de la nature du gaz, nous regardons l'effet de l'incorporation de molécules plastifiantes dans cette matrice polymère. Au niveau du PVDF, mis à part les paramètres classiques que sont la température et le type de gaz utilisé, une comparaison des coefficients de transport du CH 4 et du CO 2 dans du PVDF mis en oeuvre par extrusion et par moulage en compression est effectuée. Pour chaque polymère étudié, la dépendance de la perméabilité, de la diffusion et de la solubilité peut s'exprimer à partir de lois d'Arrhenius. Il semble également que la diffusion soit liée de façon très étroite à la taille des molécules et que la solubilité puisse être reliée au paramètre ε/K des gaz. La comparaison des résultats obtenus avec les données disponibles dans la littérature apparaît satisfaisante.Mots-clés : perméabilité, diffusion, solubilité, gaz, PE, PA11, PVDF.Abstract -Permeability, Diffusion and Solubility of Gases in Polyethylene, Polyamide 11 and Poly(vinylidene fluoride) -The gases transport coefficients, permeability, diffusion and solubility, are determined by the time lag method on a specific permeation cell. Three semicrystalline polymers, polyethylene

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Section: Permeability Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Permeability Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Permeability, Diffusion and Solubility of Gases in Polyethylene, Polyamide 11 and Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)

Flaconnèche

Martin

Klopffer

2001

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

Self Cite

163

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…They can be conducted according to two stages: sorption and desorption. A polymeric specimen is placed in a pressure cell [39,40] thermally controlled. The pressure cell is connected to high pressure valves allowing the circulation of the gas.…”

Section: Description Of the Solubility Test -Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuso-Kinetics and Diffuso-Mechanics of Carbon Dioxide / Polyvinylidene Fluoride System under Explosive Gas Decompression: Identification of Key Diffuso-Elastic Couplings by Numerical and Experimental Confrontation

Grandidier

Baudet

Boyer

et al. 2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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-The work aims at identifying the key diffuso-elastic couplings which characterize a numerical tool developed to simulate the irreversible 'Explosive Decompression Failure' (XDF) in semi-crystalline polymer. The model proposes to predict the evolution of the gas concentration and of the stress field in the polymer during the gas desorption [DOI: 10.10161j.compositesa.2005.05.021]. Main difficulty is to couple thermal, mechanical and diffusive effects that occur simultaneously during the gas desorption. The couplings are splitting into two families: -indirect coupling (i.e., phenomenology) that is state variables (gas concentration, temperature, and pressure) dependent; -direct coupling, (i.e., diffuso-elastic coupling) as polymer volume changes because of gas diffusion. The numerical prediction of the diffusion kinetics and of the volume strain (swelling) of PVF 2 (polyvinylidene fluoride) under CO 2 (carbon dioxide) environment is concerned. The prediction is carried out by studying selected combinations of couplings for a broad range of CO 2 pressures. The modeling relevance is evaluated by a comparison with experimental transport parameters analytically identify from solubility tests. A pertinent result of the present study is to have demonstrated the non-uniqueness of the coefficients of diffusion (D) and solubility (S g ) between the diffuso-elastic coupling (direct coupling) and indirect coupling. Main conclusion is that it is necessary to consider concomitantly the two types of couplings, the indirect and the direct couplings.Re´sume´-Cine´tique de diffusion et comportement diffuso-me´canique du syste`me dioxide de carbone / polyfluorure de vinylide`ne sous de´compression explosive de gaz : identification des couplages diffuso-e´lastiques majeurs par confrontation nume´rique et expe´rimentale -Cette e´tude a pour objectif d'identifier les couplages diffuso-e´lastiques majeurs qui entrent en jeu dans une Oil & Gas Science and Technology -Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles, Vol. 70 (2015), No. 2, pp. 251-266 Ó J.-C. Grandidier et al., published by IFP Energies nouvelles, 2014 DOI: 10.2516 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. La pertinence du mode`le est e´value´e par confrontation avec les parame`tres de transport qui ont e´te´e´value´s selon la proce´dure 'analytique conventionnelle' a`partir des mesures expe´rimentales de solubilite´s. Le re´sultat pertinent est d'avoir de´montre´la non-e´quivalence des coefficients de diffusion (D) et de solubilite´(S g ) entre le couplage diffuso-e´lastique (couplage direct) et le couplage indirect. Une bonne mode´lisation du comportement diffuso-e´lastique du polyme`re ne´cessite la conside´ration concomitante des deux familles de couplages, direct et indirect.

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“…Each approach exhibits advantages and limitations, depending on the time scale of the analysis, and the size of the samples considered. 29,30 However, by following an experimental approach, no distinction can be made between diffusion and convection and hence, the mechanism of fluid transport cannot be identified with certainty. 31 One approach implements empirical equations derived from Darcy's law.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A kinetic Monte Carlo approach to study fluid transport in pore networks

Apostolopoulou

Day

Hull

et al. 2017

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The mechanism of fluid migration in porous networks continues to attract great interest. Darcy's law (phenomenological continuum theory), which is often used to describe macroscopically fluid flow through a porous material, is thought to fail in nano-channels. Transport through heterogeneous and anisotropic systems, characterized by a broad distribution of pores, occurs via a contribution of different transport mechanisms, all of which need to be accounted for. The situation is likely more complicated when immiscible fluid mixtures are present. To generalize the study of fluid transport through a porous network, we developed a stochastic kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model. In our lattice model, the pore network is represented as a set of connected finite volumes (voxels), and transport is simulated as a random walk of molecules, which "hop" from voxel to voxel. We simulated fluid transport along an effectively 1D pore and we compared the results to those expected by solving analytically the diffusion equation. The KMC model was then implemented to quantify the transport of methane through hydrated micropores, in which case atomistic molecular dynamic simulation results were reproduced. The model was then used to study flow through pore networks, where it was able to quantify the effect of the pore length and the effect of the network's connectivity. The results are consistent with experiments but also provide additional physical insights. Extension of the model will be useful to better understand fluid transport in shale rocks.

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Transport Properties of Gases in Polymers: Experimental Methods

Cited by 111 publications

References 28 publications

Permeability, Diffusion and Solubility of Gases in Polyethylene, Polyamide 11 and Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)

Permeability, Diffusion and Solubility of Gases in Polyethylene, Polyamide 11 and Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)

Diffuso-Kinetics and Diffuso-Mechanics of Carbon Dioxide / Polyvinylidene Fluoride System under Explosive Gas Decompression: Identification of Key Diffuso-Elastic Couplings by Numerical and Experimental Confrontation

A kinetic Monte Carlo approach to study fluid transport in pore networks

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