“…When graphene is subjected to a slowly varying nanoscale external periodic scalar or vector potential, the quasiparticles in graphene show even more interesting physics. Recently, there have been several studies on the electronic properties of graphene under either a periodic scalar potential [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11], under a periodic vector potential [12,13,14,15,16,17,18], or under a periodic corrugation [19,20,21].…”