Transport of Salicylic Acid in Tobacco Necrosis Virus-Infected Cucumber Plants

Mölders, W.; Buchala, Antony; Métraux, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1104/pp.112.2.787

Cited by 121 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…8). Synthesis of SA in cucumber has also been suggested to proceed via a benzoic acid intermediate (Meuwly et al, 1995;Molders et al, 1996). The activities of benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase and the enzymes responsible for sidechain shortening of trans-cinnamic acid to benzoic acid have not been reported in cucumber.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of Salicylic Acid and 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Phloem Fluids of Cucumber during Systemic Acquired Resistance Is Preceded by a Transient Increase in Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Petioles and Stems1

Smith-Becker

Marois²,

Huguet³

et al. 1998

Plant Physiology

135

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Cucumber (Cucumis sativa) leaves infiltrated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae cells produced a mobile signal for systemic acquired resistance between 3 and 6 h after inoculation. The production of a mobile signal by inoculated leaves was followed by a transient increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in the petioles of inoculated leaves and in stems above inoculated leaves; with peaks in activity at 9 and 12 h, respectively, after inoculation. In contrast, PAL activity in inoculated leaves continued to rise slowly for at least 18 h. No increases in PAL activity were detected in healthy leaves of inoculated plants. Two benzoic acid derivatives, salicylic acid (SA) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA), began to accumulate in phloem fluids at about the time PAL activity began to increase, reaching maximum concentrations 15 h after inoculation. The accumulation of SA and 4HBA in phloem fluids was unaffected by the removal of all leaves 6 h after inoculation, and seedlings excised from roots prior to inoculation still accumulated high levels of SA and 4HBA. These results suggest that SA and 4HBA are synthesized de novo in stems and petioles in response to a mobile signal from the inoculated leaf.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of Salicylic Acid and 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Phloem Fluids of Cucumber during Systemic Acquired Resistance Is Preceded by a Transient Increase in Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Petioles and Stems1

Smith-Becker

Marois²,

Huguet³

et al. 1998

Plant Physiology

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…SA would function in gain control by lowering the threshold of a "triggering factor" required to see programmed cell death. Gain control might occur both in primary responding cells and in more distal cells because there is evidence that hydrogen peroxide, SA, and perhaps other signals can be transported intercellularly (Levine et al, 1994;Mö lders et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role ofNDR1in Avirulence Gene-Directed Signaling and Control of Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis

2001

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Arabidopsis plants containing the ndr1-1 mutation are incapable of mounting a hypersensitive response to bacteria carrying avrRpt2, but show an exaggerated cell death response to bacteria carrying avrB (Century et al., 1995). We show here that ndr1-1 plants are severely impaired in induction of systemic acquired resistance and PR1-driven transcription of a reporter gene in response to Pseudomonas syringae strains carrying avrRpt2 but not in response to P. syringae carrying avrB. The ndr1-1 mutation also impaired salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in response to treatments that produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired induction of systemic acquired resistance in response to in situ production of ROS. Hydrogen peroxide accumulated in wild-type Arabidopsis leaves beginning 4 to 7 h postinoculation with P. syringae carrying either avrRpt2 or avrB. In ndr1-1 plants, P. syringae carrying avrRpt2 elicited no detectable hydrogen peroxide production. Hydrogen peroxide production in response to bacteria carrying avrB was similar to that of Columbia in kinetics but of lesser intensity at early time points. These data are interpreted to indicate that NDR1 links ROS generation to SA production and that the phenotypic consequences of the ndr1-1 mutation are caused by a reduced ability to accumulate SA upon pathogen infection.Exquisite specificity is a hallmark of gene-for-gene disease resistance. Individual plant lines carry a specific complement of disease resistance (R) genes. Plants resist infection only if the pathogen carries a specific avirulence (avr) gene that is the matched cognate of one of these plant R genes. Mutant plants with nonfunctional alleles of a particular R gene fail to recognize a pathogen carrying the corresponding avr gene, and disease ensues (Parker et al., 2000;Staskawicz, 2001). With bacterial pathogens, this specificity of molecular recognition in at least some cases is associated with direct binding of the plant R gene product to the bacterial avr gene product (Scofield et al., 1996; Tang et al., 1996). Recognition takes place inside the plant cell (Gopalan et al., 1996;Leister et al., 1996) following export of the avr gene product from the bacteria via a type III secretion system (Pirhonen et al., 1996;Mudgett and Staskawicz, 1998).In contrast to the specificity of upstream molecular recognition processes, downstream plant responses to pathogen infection often bear strong similarities despite being elicited by vastly different types of pathogen. Gene-for-gene disease resistance is usually accompanied by rapid cell death (the hypersensitive response [HR]; Klement, 1982) in plant cells that are in direct contact with pathogen (Turner and Novacky, 1974). Uninoculated regions of the plant are induced to display an immunity to further pathogen challenge termed systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SAR protects plants from a broad spectrum of pathogens including those very different from the original (Ryals et al., 1994). A set of genes termed "pathogenesis related" (PR) are induced both locall...

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“…The decrease in conjugated BA levels correlates Pathogen infection results in significant amounts of SA in the phloem sap of both cucumber and tobacco (Métraux et al, 1990;Yalpani et al, 1991). Additionally, in vivo SA-labeling studies provide evidence that SA produced in the leaves of TMV-infected tobacco or TNV-infected cucumber is transported throughout the plant and accumulates in uninfected tissues (Shulaev et al, 1995;Molders et al, 1996). In fact, as much as 70% (tobacco) and 50% (cucumber) of the increase in SA in uninfected tissue of pathogen-inoculated plants results from SA translocation from infected leaves to uninfected leaves.…”

Section: B~osynthes~s Of Sa Is Sa the Translocated Signal?mentioning

confidence: 99%