Transport of rosettes from the golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane in isolated mesophyll cells ofZinnia elegans during differentiation to tracheary elements in suspension culture

Haigler, Candace H.; Brown, R. Malcolm

doi:10.1007/bf01275709

Cited by 198 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It has been suggested that the rosettes are transported intact to the plasma membrane (22). Thus, assembly of the complex may occur within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among three distinct CesA proteins essential for cellulose synthesis

Taylor

Howells

Huttly

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

649

618

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In a screen to identify novel cellulose deficient mutants, three lines were shown to be allelic and define a novel complementation group, irregular xylem5 (irx5). IRX5 was cloned and encodes a member of the CesA family of cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (AtCesA4). irx5 plants have an identical phenotype to previously described mutations in two other members of this gene family (IRX1 and IRX3). IRX5, IRX3, and IRX1 are coexpressed in exactly the same cells, and all three proteins interact in detergent solubilized extracts, suggesting that three members of this gene family are required for cellulose synthesis in secondary cell walls. The association of IRX1 and IRX3 was reduced to undetectable levels in the absence of IRX5. Consequently, these data suggest that IRX5, IRX3, and IRX1 are all essential components of the cellulose synthesizing complex and the presence of all three subunits is required for the correct assembly of this complex.

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“…It has been suggested that the rosettes are transported intact to the plasma membrane (22). Thus, assembly of the complex may occur within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among three distinct CesA proteins essential for cellulose synthesis

Taylor

Howells

Huttly

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

649

618

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Mutant analyses and immunoprecipitation suggest that two triplexes of CESA proteins (CESA1, 3, and the 6-like CESAs as well as CESA4, 7, and 8) are necessary for cellulose synthesis during primary and secondary wall formation, respectively, in Arabidopsis thaliana (Taylor et al, 2000(Taylor et al, , 2003Desprez et al, 2007;Persson et al, 2007b). The CESA complexes (CSCs) are presumed to be assembled in Golgi bodies and transported to the plasma membrane where they are guided by cortical microtubules during cellulose synthesis (Haigler and Brown, 1986;Paredez et al, 2006). Once they are inserted in the plasma membrane, the CSCs move at constant rates, which may be reduced in mutants impaired in cellulose synthesis (Paredez et al, 2006(Paredez et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHITINASE-LIKE1/POM-POM1 and Its Homolog CTL2 Are Glucan-Interacting Proteins Important for Cellulose Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

et al. 2012

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Plant cells are encased by a cellulose-containing wall that is essential for plant morphogenesis. Cellulose consists of b-1,4-linked glucan chains assembled into paracrystalline microfibrils that are synthesized by plasma membrane-located cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes. Associations with hemicelluloses are important for microfibril spacing and for maintaining cell wall tensile strength. Several components associated with cellulose synthesis have been identified; however, the biological functions for many of them remain elusive. We show that the chitinase-like (CTL) proteins, CTL1/ POM1 and CTL2, are functionally equivalent, affect cellulose biosynthesis, and are likely to play a key role in establishing interactions between cellulose microfibrils and hemicelluloses. CTL1/POM1 coincided with CESAs in the endomembrane system and was secreted to the apoplast. The movement of CESAs was compromised in ctl1/pom1 mutant seedlings, and the cellulose content and xyloglucan structures were altered. X-ray analysis revealed reduced crystalline cellulose content in ctl1 ctl2 double mutants, suggesting that the CTLs cooperatively affect assembly of the glucan chains, which may affect interactions between hemicelluloses and cellulose. Consistent with this hypothesis, both CTLs bound glucan-based polymers in vitro. We propose that the apoplastic CTLs regulate cellulose assembly and interaction with hemicelluloses via binding to emerging cellulose microfibrils.

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“…3). Rosettes have been visualised in transit from the Golgi apparatus (GA) to their destination in the PM using freeze fracture, transmission electron microscopy, and more recently immunofluorescence techniques (Haigler and Brown 1986;Gardiner et al 2003;Somerville 2006;Wightman et al 2009). In contrast, all other non-cellulosic and pectic polysaccharides are synthesised within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and GA (Fincher and Stone 1981;Gibeaut and Carpita 1994) using both polysaccharide synthases and GlyTs.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Wall Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant cell walls: the skeleton of the plant world

Doblin

Pettolino

Bacic

2010

Functional Plant Biol.

173

139

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Abstract. Plants are our major source of renewable biomass. Since cell walls represent some 50% of this biomass, they are major targets for biotechnology. Major drivers are their potential as a renewable source of energy as transport fuels (biofuels), functional foods to improve human health and as a source of raw materials to generate building blocks for industrial processes (biobased industries). To achieve sustainable development, we must optimise plant production and utilisation and this will require a complete understanding of wall structure and function at the molecular/biochemical level. This overview summarises the current state of knowledge in relation to the synthesis and assembly of the wall polysaccharides (i.e. the genes and gene families encoding the polysaccharide synthases and glycosyltransferases (GlyTs)), the predominant macromolecular components. We also touch on an exciting emerging role of the cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton continuum as a signal perception and transduction pathway allowing plant growth regulation in response to endogenous and exogenous cues.Additional keywords: cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton continuum, glycosyltransferase, polysaccharide structure and biosynthesis, synthase. Plant cell wallsA distinguishing feature of plant cells is the presence of a polysaccharide-rich wall. The wall encloses each cell while at the same time allowing the transfer of solutes and signalling molecules between cells via specific structures such as plasmodesmata (symplastic transport), or pores within the gellike matrix of the wall itself (apoplastic movement). Similar to the skeleton of animals, the plant wall is a key determinant of overall plant form, growth and development. In contrast to having a specialised skeletal system as occurs in animals, the shape and strength of plants rely on the properties of the wall. The wall also plays a significant role in plant defence and responses to environmental stresses. Plant walls are important not simply because they are integral to plant growth and development but also because they determine the quality of plant-based products. The texture, nutritional and processing properties of plant-based foods for human and animal consumption is heavily influenced by the characteristics of the wall. Fibre for textiles, pulp and paper manufacture, and timber products and increasingly for fuel and composite manufacture is largely composed of walls, or derived from them. Due to their relevance to these industries, the chemical structures of the constituent polymers (polysaccharides, (glyco) proteins, polyphenolics) and the biochemical processes involved in the synthesis, maturation and turnover of the wall have been the subjects of research for many years. This research is now intensifying with the prospect of using plant ligno-cellulosic biomass as a viable and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels in the production of transportation fuels. Advances are likely to occur through molecular biological and functional genomics approaches, including pu...

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Transport of rosettes from the golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane in isolated mesophyll cells ofZinnia elegans during differentiation to tracheary elements in suspension culture

Cited by 198 publications

References 30 publications

Interactions among three distinct CesA proteins essential for cellulose synthesis

Interactions among three distinct CesA proteins essential for cellulose synthesis

CHITINASE-LIKE1/POM-POM1 and Its Homolog CTL2 Are Glucan-Interacting Proteins Important for Cellulose Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

Plant cell walls: the skeleton of the plant world

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