Transport of organic carbon to the oceans by rivers of North America: a synthesis of existing data

Mulholland, Patrick J.; Watts, J.A.

doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1982.tb01805.x

Cited by 42 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…At the end of the season, the water flow was relatively constant with DOC concentrations ranging between 1.1 and 1.3 mg L −1 In scaling up the measurements to the 36‐ha watershed, we estimate that 5.25 kg DOC ha −1 was exported from this watershed during the 182‐d study. Yields of DOC measured from conifer biomes in California ranged from 18 to 39 kg DOC ha −1 , California grasslands ranged from 5 to 6 kg DOC ha −1 , while yields from deciduous biomes in other areas ranged from 9 to 28 kg DOC ha −1 (Aitkenhead and McDowell, 2000; Mulholland and Watts, 1982). Thus, it is apparent that a maximum of ∼1% of the 445 kg DOC ha −1 produced from leaching reaches the stream while the rest is either retained by or respired within the soils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Litter Contributions to Dissolved Organic Matter and Disinfection Byproduct Precursors in California Oak Woodland Watersheds

et al. 2009

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Export of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from California oak woodland ecosystems is of a great concern because DOM is a precursor for carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during drinking water treatment. Fresh litter and decomposed duff materials for the four dominant vegetation components of California oak woodlands: blue oak (Quercus douglassi H. & A.), live oak (Quercus wislizenii A. DC.), foothill pine (Pinus sabiniana Dougl.), and annual grasses, were exposed in natural condition for an entire rainy season (December to May) to evaluate their contributions of particulate (POC) and dissolved (DOC) organic carbon, particulate (PON) and dissolved (DON) organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen (NH4+ and NO3-), and trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetonitrile (HAN) formation potentials, to surface waters. Litter and duff materials can be significant sources of DOC (litter=29-126 mg DOC g(-1) C; duff=6.5-37 mg DOC g(-1) C) and THMs and HANs (up to 4600 mg-THMs g-C(-1) and 137 microg-HANs g-C(-1)). Blue oak litter had the highest yield of DOC, THM, and HAN precursors. When scaled to the entire watershed, leachate production yielded 445 kg-DOC ha(-1), as compared to DOC export via streams of 5.25 kg-DOC ha(-1). DOC transport to surface waters is facilitated by subsurface lateral flow through A horizons during storm events. The majority of DOM and DBP precursors was leached from plant materials in the initial rainfall events and thus may explain the seasonal stream pattern of a DOC pulse early in the rainy season.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Litter Contributions to Dissolved Organic Matter and Disinfection Byproduct Precursors in California Oak Woodland Watersheds

et al. 2009

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“…Many studies have also reported a strong, often positive relationship between DOC and discharge (Mulholland and Watts 1982, Meyer and Tate 1983, Thurman 1985, Eckhardt and Moore 1990, Leenheer 1994), particularly during peak or rising flows (Meyer andTate 1983, Hinton et al 1997). However, stream DOC concentrations can also be inversely related to discharge (Hornberger et al 1995) or completely independent of discharge .…”

Section: How Does the Landscape Influence Differ Between Lacustrine Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved Organic Carbon as an Indicator of the Scale of Watershed Influence on Lakes and Rivers

Gergel

Turner

Kratz

1999

Ecological Applications

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Land use and land cover can have a significant impact on water chemistry, but the spatial scales at which landscape attributes exert a detectable influence on aquatic systems are not well known. This study quantifies the extent of the landscape influence using the proportion of wetlands in the watershed measured at different distances to predict dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in Wisconsin lakes and rivers, and to determine whether the watershed influence varies with season or hydrologic type of lake. The proportion of wetlands in the total watershed often explained the most variability of DOC in lakes when stepwise regression was used. However, best-model techniques revealed that, for lakes, r 2 values often only differed 1-3% between models using the proportion of wetlands in the total watershed and models using only the proportion of wetlands in nearshore riparian areas (25-100 m). In rivers, the proportion of wetlands in the watershed always explained considerably more of the variability in DOC than did the proportion of wetlands in the nearshore riparian zone. The watershed influence also varied seasonally in rivers, as the proportion of the watershed covered by wetlands explained more of the variability in DOC in the fall than in the spring. Overall, the proportion of wetlands in the landscape explained much more of the variability of DOC concentrations in rivers than in lakes.

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“…-The dischargeweighted average concentration of DOC in Bear Brook, -2-3 mg/L, is similar to many other small streams, but on the low end of the range of average DOC concentrations (0.7-28 mg/L) tabulated by Moeller et al (1979) for streams and rivers of the United States. Much of this variability, however, is due to differences in amount of runoff Kuenzler 1979, Mulholland andWatts 1982). Much of this variability, however, is due to differences in amount of runoff Kuenzler 1979, Mulholland andWatts 1982).…”

Section: Organic Chemistry Of Stream Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluvial export of DOC has received considerable attention, and has been the subject of several review papers in which global compilations and cross-biome compari-' Manuscript received 15 April 1987;revised and accepted 26 September 1987. sons are made (e.g., Moeller et al 1979, Meybeck 1981, Mulholland and Watts 1982. Fluvial export of DOC has received considerable attention, and has been the subject of several review papers in which global compilations and cross-biome compari-' Manuscript received 15 April 1987;revised and accepted 26 September 1987. sons are made (e.g., Moeller et al 1979, Meybeck 1981, Mulholland and Watts 1982.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, Composition, and Flux of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Hubbard Brook Valley

McDowell¹,

Likens²

1988

Ecological Monographs

609

314

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecological Monographs.Abstract. The concentration, composition, and flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were measured in the Hubbard Brook Valley, New Hampshire. Data on precipitation, throughfall, soil solution, streamside seeps, stream water, and lake water are presented for 1976-1980. Characterization of DOC included analysis of phenolics, monomeric and polymeric carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, primary amines, and aldehydes.DOC concentrations increased with passage of water through the forest canopy and forest floor, decreased due to abiotic sorption in the mineral soil, and remained relatively low in most "downstream" ecosystems (streamside seeps, streams, and Mirror Lake). Average flux of DOC is estimated as 16, 47, 263, 54, 23, and 20 kg-ha-' yr-i in precipitation, throughfall, soil solution (E, upper B, and B horizons), and streamflow, respectively. The composition of DOC, in particular the relative proportions of carbohydrates, appears to be related to the degree of biological activity at a given site in the landscape. Carbohydrates are particularly high in both absolute and relative terms in throughfall and lake water, which are the areas of highest photosynthetic activity within the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, respectively.

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Transport of organic carbon to the oceans by rivers of North America: a synthesis of existing data

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Litter Contributions to Dissolved Organic Matter and Disinfection Byproduct Precursors in California Oak Woodland Watersheds

Litter Contributions to Dissolved Organic Matter and Disinfection Byproduct Precursors in California Oak Woodland Watersheds

Dissolved Organic Carbon as an Indicator of the Scale of Watershed Influence on Lakes and Rivers

Origin, Composition, and Flux of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Hubbard Brook Valley

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