Transport of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and ozone to the Alpine Global Atmosphere Watch stations Jungfraujoch (Switzerland), Zugspitze and Hohenpeissenberg (Germany), Sonnblick (Austria) and Mt. Krvavec (Slovenia)

Kaiser, August; Scheifinger, Helfried; Spangl, Wolfgang; Weiss, Andrea; Gilge, Stefan; Fricke, Wolfgang; Ries, Ludwig; Čemas, Danijel; Jesenovec, Brigita

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.027

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…NO 2 is too short lived (1 day) that long-range transport from other continents can have an impact on the European atmospheric composition. Still, on European scales, episodes of trans-boundary transport can be observed (Schaub et al, 2005;Kaiser et al, 2007). However, these episodes occur mainly in winter when life-time of NO 2 is longest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides time series at four alpine GAW mountain stations in central Europe

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Long-term, ground based in-situ observations of ozone (O 3 ) and its precursor gases nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) from the four sites Hohenpeissenberg and Zugspitze (D), Sonnblick (A) and Jungfraujoch (CH) are presented for the period 1995-2007. These Central European alpine mountain observatories cover an altitude range of roughly 1000 to 3500 m. Comparable analytical methods and common quality assurance (QA) procedures are used at all sites. For O 3 and CO, calibration is linked to primary calibrations (O 3 ) or CO standards provided by the Central Calibration Laboratory (CCL) at NOAA/ESRL. All stations have been audited by the World Calibration Centre (WCC) for CO and O 3 (WCC-Empa; CH). Data from long-term measurements of NO 2 and CO are only available from Hohenpeissenberg and Jungfraujoch. Both sites show slightly decreasing mixing ratios of the primarily emitted NO 2 and the partly anthropogenically emitted CO between 1995 and 2007. The findings are generally consistent with shorter observation periods at Zugspitze and Sonnblick and thus are considered to represent regional changes in Central European atmospheric composition at this altitude range. Over the same period, 1995-2007, the O 3 mixing ratios have slightly increased at three of the four sites independent of wind sector. Trends are often more pronounced in winter and less in summer; highest declines of NO 2 and CO are observed in winter and the lowest in summer, whereas the strongest O 3 increase was detected in winter and lowest or even decline in summer, respectively. Weekly cycles demonstrate anthropogenic impact at all elevations with enhanced NO 2 on working days compared to weekends. Enhanced O 3 Correspondence to: S. Gilge (stefan.gilge@dwd.de) values on working days indicating photochemical production from anthropogenic precursors are only observed in summer, whereas in all other seasons anti-correlation with NO 2 was found due to reduced O 3 values on working days. Trends are discussed with respect to anthropogenic impacts and vertical mixing. The observed trends for NO 2 at the alpine mountain sites are less pronounced than trends estimated based on emission inventories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides time series at four alpine GAW mountain stations in central Europe

et al. 2010

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“…The main boundary layer sources of SO 2 are anthropogenic fossil fuel use whereas naturally it is formed via DMS oxidation, out of which the former is the dominant in both Hyytiälä and in Hohenpeissenberg. Density of human population and industrial activity in general is higher in the region of Hohenpeissenberg, which is reflected also by the NO x and CO levels mainly originating from north-west (Poland, Chech Republic) to Hohenpeissenberg (Kaiser et al, 2007), which are the major sources also for sulfur dioxide (Vestreng et al, 2007). Main source areas to Hyytiälä are Kola Peninsula, Estonian industry in Narva and long-range transport from central Europe.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfuric acid and OH concentrations in a boreal forest site

et al. 2009

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Abstract.As demonstrated in a number of investigations, gaseous sulfuric acid plays a central role in atmospheric aerosol formation. Using chemical ionization mass spectrometer the gas-phase sulfuric acid and OH concentration were measured in Hyytiälä, SMEAR II station, Southern Finland during 24 March to 28 June 2007. Clear diurnal cycles were observed as well as differences between new particle formation event days and non-event days. Typically, the daily maximum concentrations of gas phase sulfuric acid varied from 3×10 5 to 2×10 6 molec cm −3 between non-event and event days. Noon-time OH concentrations varied from 3-6×10 5 molec cm −3 and not a clear difference between event and non-events was detected. The measured time series were also used as a foundation to develop reasonable proxies for sulfuric acid concentration. The proxies utilized source and sink terms, and the simplest proxy is radiation times sulfur dioxide divided by condensation sink. Since it is still challenging to measure sulfuric acid in ambient concentrations, and due to its significant role in atmospheric particle formation, reasonable proxies are needed. We use all together three different proxies and one chemical box model and compared their results to the measured data. The proxies for the sulfuric acid concentration worked reasonably well, and will be used to describe sulfuric acid concentrations in SMEAR II station, when no measured sulfuric acid data is available. With caution the proxies could be applied to other environments as well.

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“…The site generally receives FT air but is frequently exposed to PBL air due to thermally induced flow systems especially during summer time (Reiter et al, 1987;Gantner et al, 2003;Pandey Deolal et al, 2014). Thus, air masses with very different origin and history are measured and the site is particularly suitable for the detection of northern advection (Kaiser et al, 2007). Some influence of surface emissions on trace gas observations have been shown and thus Henne et al (2010) categorized the site as "weakly influenced", when analyzing remote air quality sampling sites in Europe.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Diurnal Variation of Formaldehyde and its Meteorological Drivers at the GAW Site Zugspitze

Leuchner

Ghasemifard

Lüpke

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Continuous formaldehyde measurements were performed at the high-altitude GAW site Environmental Research Station Schneefernerhaus for more than one year. This unique dataset was analyzed for daily and seasonal variation and for the influence of large-scale synoptic conditions and air-mass origin on the observed concentrations. The average daily course exhibited maxima in the afternoon and minima at night, however differing between seasons. The general strong seasonal variation with average values for winter, spring, summer, and fall of 0.350, 0.529, 0.986, 0.429 ppbv, respectively, could be well explained by secondary production following photochemical activity. The large variability of formaldehyde mixing ratios within the seasons was shown to be influenced by different factors in this complex topography such as mixing of air masses from the planetary boundary layer and the free troposphere, advection of differently aged air from various source regions, and local meteorological conditions. An analysis of the impact of large-scale weather types, cyclonality, and flow directions revealed that the cleanest air masses were advected from westerly directions in particular under cyclonic conditions while southerly cyclonic and northerly/northwesterly anticyclonic conditions led to the highest formaldehyde levels.

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Transport of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and ozone to the Alpine Global Atmosphere Watch stations Jungfraujoch (Switzerland), Zugspitze and Hohenpeissenberg (Germany), Sonnblick (Austria) and Mt. Krvavec (Slovenia)

Cited by 63 publications

References 16 publications

Ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides time series at four alpine GAW mountain stations in central Europe

Ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides time series at four alpine GAW mountain stations in central Europe

Sulfuric acid and OH concentrations in a boreal forest site

Seasonal and Diurnal Variation of Formaldehyde and its Meteorological Drivers at the GAW Site Zugspitze

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