Transport of metal ions across an electrically switchable cation exchange membrane based on polypyrrole doped with a sulfonated calix[6]arene

Akieh, Marceline N.; Ralph, Stephen F.; Bobacka, Johan; Ivaska, Ari

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2010.02.052

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The sulfonation of calix[n]arenes (Scheme 1.a )that is a kind of calixarene derivative, due to conquer the poor solubility of calixarenes in aqueous solution, showing favourable bonding properties in aqueous solution are becoming increasingly important in the fields of supramolecular chemistry. Recently, the application of p-sulfonated calix[n]arenes in inorganic ions 22,23 , organic molecules 24 , chemical dyes 25,26 , biological [27][28][29] and medical 30,31 aspects has occupied the current interest.…”

Section: Spectra Measurement Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigated the Supramolecular Interaction of Tramadol Hydrochloride With P-Sulfonated Calix[4,6,8]arene

Zhao

Chen

Pang

et al. 2015

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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In this paper, the interaction behavior of p-sulfonated calix[n]arene (SCnA) with tramadol hydrochloride was investigated by fluorescence spectra, 1 H NMR spectra, and theoretical calculations in aqueous solution. At the optimized conditions, the fluorescence intensity of tramadol hydrochloride showed positive correlation to the concentration of SCnA, which led to a validated, simple, and sensitive fluorescence quenching method for the determination of tramadol hydrochloride was established for the first time. Moreover, the interaction based on SCnA superstructure provided has promising potential for therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetics and clinical application

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Section: Spectra Measurement Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigated the Supramolecular Interaction of Tramadol Hydrochloride With P-Sulfonated Calix[4,6,8]arene

Zhao

Chen

Pang

et al. 2015

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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“…One way to achieve this goal consists in using these ionic calixarenes as doping anions in electronically conducting polymer matrices (films or colloids) such as polypyrrole [20][21][22], poly-(ethylene-dioxy-thiophene) (PEDOT) [23] or polyaniline [24]. The elaboration of electrochemical sensors based on this strategy will succeed only on condition that the calixarene based dopants conserve the binding character and the selectivity they display in solution once they are incorporated in the polymer matrix, which was shown to be achieved for C6S doped polypyrrole films with a targeted analyte such as uranyle cations [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between ion-exchange properties and swelling/shrinking processes in hexasulfonated calix[6]arene doped polypyrrole films: ac-electrogravimetry and electrochemical atomic force microscopy investigations

Kim¹,

Gabrielli²,

Pailleret³

et al. 2011

Electrochimica Acta

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. Correlation between ion-exchange properties and swelling/shrinking processes in hexasulfonated calix [6]arene doped polypyrrole films: ac-electrogravimetry and electrochemical atomic force microscopy investigations. Electrochimica Acta, Elsevier, 2011Elsevier, , 56 (10), pp.3516-3525. <10.1016Elsevier, /j.electacta.2010 -00811845> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Unexpectedly, within the potential range encompassing this process, K + cations were found to be exchanged for more cathodic potentials whereas H 3 O + are exchanged for more anodic potentials. EC-AFM investigations revealed substantial shrinking and swelling during the oxidation (doping) and reduction (undoping) processes respectively. An obvious correlation can easily be built between these observations: the oxidation of the polymer films provokes an expulsion of the cations, as expected from cation exchanger polymer films, and therefore a decrease of the volume (and thickness) of these films whereas their reduction causes an insertion of cations and an increase of their volume (and thickness). This electromechanical mechanism is amplified by the simultaneous exchange of free water molecules. Suggestions based on these observations, on structural characteristics of polypyrrole films, and on complexation ability of hexasulfonated calix [6]arenes incorporated in the films are discussed to explain i) the change of the identity of the exchanged cations as a function of the potential, ii) the exchange of free water molecules and, iii) the exchange of small amounts of nitrate ions.

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“…and a fixed number of pyrrole units per anion y = 3. As seen in Figure 4 [160]. However, according to other research on PPy, the lower the current density deposition, the higher the density of PPy membranes [158,161].…”

Section: Thickness Determination and Predictionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The active component of ion cycling through PPy membranes has been hypothesized by other groups (as early as 1982 by Burgmayer and Murray [77] and since [160]). However, here we show for the first time compelling data which strongly suggests active cycling predominately controls flux rates through these membranes, as opposed to being controlled by conformational changes due to PPy strand charging, as many others have hypothesized [159,177,178].…”

Section: Active Ion Pumping Through Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The presence of hydrogel created a feedback mechanism between the two simultaneous potentiostats and introduced significant noise into the EIS readings. Instead, the flux of ions in this scenario was measured via EIS time-lapse, similar to the discretized measurement methods used by Akieh et al [154,160] . By using a single potentiostat to alternatively measure solution conductivity using the EIS probe, and apply a voltage at the membrane, discretized concentration results were obtained.…”

Section: Time-lapse Concentration Readings In Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Bio-inspired Excitable Cardiac Cell Membrane from Electroactive Polymers: Ion Transport Studies

Moored

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The heart is an incredibly efficient biological pump, which contracts as a whole from the coordinated effort of millions of excitable cells called cardiac myocytes. These cells are considered excitable since they possess the ability to respond to a threshold activation signal, but only if sufficient time has passed and they have recovered from their previous excitation. Excitable cells also have the capacity to propagate an activation signal to their neighboring cells, and collectively are referred to as an excitable medium. Numerous examples of excitable media exist in nature, including the heart, forest fires, the intestine, nerves, and certain kinds of chemical reactions. Engineered artificial excitable media, however, have never been developed before.The long-term goal of this project, therefore, is to develop the first such artificial excitable medium from an array of artificial excitable cells, called gel-cells. The conceptual design of the gel-cell consists of a thin electroactive ion-gating membrane (polypyrrole), sandwiched between two layers of hydrated polymer (hydrogel) loaded with different concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl aq ) electrolytes. The voltage controlled artificial membrane initially confines ions to the upper chamber of the gelcell, and releases them upon membrane opening into the lower chamber, a process similar to membrane activation in cardiac myocytes. Potassium sensing electrodes embedded throughout the gel-cell provide feedback on the location and concentration of ions within the gel-cell, becoming markers for its activation. The scope of the research presented here was to construct the biomimetic cell membrane portion of the gel-cell, and study ion transport through its assembly.First, the electrochemical response of polypyrrole (PPy) was characterized via cyclic voltammetry, and its membrane morphology and thickness were observed via scanning electron microscopy. Experimentally obtained membrane thickness values were then compared to model predictions, which were subsequently improved by updating membrane density and structure assumptions. Hydrogel pore size approximations were correlated to equilibrium water content calculations, and KCl aq concentrations were quantified using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Time-resolved KCl aq flux experiments were performed on PPy membranes in solution, providing real-time concentration profiles of KCl aq as it passes through the membrane. From the parameter space tested, the optimal membrane preparation and gating potentials were selected which produced the highest flux rates. Time-lapse flux experiments (providing piece-wise concentration profiles for KCl aq ) were then performed on PPy membranes in both solution and hydrogel. Ion transport through two nearly identical membranes produced under different deposition conditions (PPy a and PPy b ) were compared in solution. The slightly denser and thicker membrane (PPy b ) produced nearly an order of magnitude higher flux rates than PPy a , suggesting that an active comp...

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Transport of metal ions across an electrically switchable cation exchange membrane based on polypyrrole doped with a sulfonated calix[6]arene

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

Investigated the Supramolecular Interaction of Tramadol Hydrochloride With P-Sulfonated Calix[4,6,8]arene

Investigated the Supramolecular Interaction of Tramadol Hydrochloride With P-Sulfonated Calix[4,6,8]arene

Correlation between ion-exchange properties and swelling/shrinking processes in hexasulfonated calix[6]arene doped polypyrrole films: ac-electrogravimetry and electrochemical atomic force microscopy investigations

A Bio-inspired Excitable Cardiac Cell Membrane from Electroactive Polymers: Ion Transport Studies

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