Transport of ions and electrons in nanostructured liquid crystals

Kato, Takashi; Yoshio, Masafumi; Ichikawa, Takahiro; Soberats, Bartolomé; Ohno, Hiroyuki; Funahashi, Masahiro

doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2017.1

Cited by 351 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…30,106 Recently, growing attention has been paid to use of these nanosegregated liquid crystals as transport materials because of the formation of well-organized nanochannels structures. 19,[168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180] These LC low-molecular weight molecules are easy to orient, and show one-dimensional, twodimensional and three-dimensional (3D) transport features. However, they are in general soluble in organic solvents and exhibit poor mechanical properties that compromise their robustness and stability for being applied in devices or as functional coatings and membranes.…”

Section: Functional Lc Polymers and Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remarkably, the formation of the LC phases can be, in some extent, controlled by careful molecular engineering to obtain these LC phases. 19,[168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180] The resulting phase is crucial because it determines the nature of the transport properties including their anisotropic properties.…”

Section: Functional Lc Polymers and Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, functional main-chain LC polymers 5 have been prepared to exhibit electron conductivities and luminescence properties. 11,12 Photofunctional, 13,14 electro-active, [15][16][17][18] and ion-active [19][20][21][22][23][24] groups have been incorporated into the side chains of LC polymers. For example, LC polymers 6 and 7 bearing electroactive moieties are obtained by using π-conjugated molecules as mesogenic units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,26 Anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) ion-conductive materials 9 and 10 are achieved by incorporation of ionic moieties or oligo(oxyethylene) units complexed with inorganic salts in the spacer or the terminal group of the side-chain LC polymers. [19][20][21][22] Side-chain-block LC polymers were prepared for membrane applications. 27,28 In addition to these conventional structures of covalently bonded main-chain and side-chain LC polymers, newly designed functional LC polymers have been developed since late 1980's.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional liquid-crystalline polymers and supramolecular liquid crystals

Kato

Uchida

Ichikawa

et al. 2017

Polym J

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The design and functions of liquid-crystalline (LC) polymers with classifying them into conventional-, supramolecular-, dendriticand network-type LC polymers are described. LC polymers show new functions as new devices in the field of energy and environment by incorporating mesogenic moieties exhibiting photonic, electronic and ionic functions. Supramolecular LC polymers show dynamic and unique properties because the mesogenic moieties are built with non-covalent interactions. Dendritic-type LC polymers exhibit liquid crystallinity by nanosegregation of aromatic and aliphatic moieties. Dendritic fork-like mesogens have also been prepared. A variety of nonmesogeic functional building blocks including fullerene, π-conjugated moieties, catenane, rotaxane and others can be incorporated into LC phases by attaching these dendritic moieties. LC networks are constructed in situ polymerization of polymerizable nematic or nanostructured liquid crystals. The specific characteristics of the LC networks have generated new research trends to develop well-defined polymers that exhibit optical, transport and separation properties. In these materials, through suitable design of LC monomers, the preservation of smectic, columnar and bicontinuous cubic phases has been successfully used for the development of membranes with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanostructures.

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Section: Functional Lc Polymers and Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Lc Polymers and Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional liquid-crystalline polymers and supramolecular liquid crystals

Kato

Uchida

Ichikawa

et al. 2017

Polym J

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“…14 Even though most lithium salts have a high melting point, because of their high solubility, they form LLC phases with nonionic surfactants. 11,12 The salt−surfactant LLC mesophases are important in the development of gel-electrolytes for practical electrochemical devices, 15 such as solar cells, 16 batteries, 17 supercapacitors, 8 and so on. Therefore, it is important to investigate the salt− surfactant mesophases, especially the lithium salt−surfactant mesophases, toward the development of gel-electrolytes for electrochemical systems.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline Mesophase of Lithium Triflate–Nonionic Surfactant as Gel Electrolyte for Graphene Optical Modulator

et al. 2017

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Lithium salt (noncoordinating anions, such as lithium triflate (Ltf)) gel electrolytes may be key for the practical use of electrochemical devices. We introduce a new lyotropic liquid-crystalline (LLC) mesophase using Ltf, a small amount of water (as low as 1.3 water per Ltf), and nonionic surfactant (C 18 H 37 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 10 OH, C 18 E 10 ). The LLC phase forms over a broad range of Ltf/C 18 E 10 mole ratios, 2−18. The clear ethanol solution of the ingredients can be either directly spin-coated over a glass substrate to form a gel phase or it can be prepared as a gel by mixing Ltf, water, and C 18 E 10 . The mesophase leaches out surfactant molecules at low salt concentrations, but at a salt/surfactant mole ratio of above 8, the phase is homogeneous with a cubic mesostructure, fully transparent in the visible optical region, mechanically flexible, and an effective gel electrolyte. We have observed a large electrostatic doping on graphene with the Fermi energy level of ∼1.0 eV using Ltf-C 18 E 10 gel electrolytes. The Ltf-based gels demonstrate better properties than commonly used ionic liquid electrolyte in graphene optical modulators. The stability of the new gel electrolytes and their superior performance make them suitable electrolytes for use in graphene-based optical modulators.

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Solid‐State Batteries with Polymer Electrolytes

Iojoiu

Paillard

2020

Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry

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Expectations on solid‐state lithium batteries are at their highest as they are seen as a “next‐generation” technology, although solid polymer electrolytes have already enabled the commercialization of electrical vehicles for almost 10 years. These are powered by lithium metal batteries and use a polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based electrolyte. Thus, after a quick review of the current state of the art on lithium batteries including various polymers electrolytes, we present some fundamentals about the lithium metal anode. We then give an overview of the different approaches that have been proposed in the past 40 years for improving the performance of these types of electrolytes. The trends that have led to the current generation of solid polymer electrolytes are reported first: They consisted in decreasing the crystallinity of PEO and increasing its chain segmental mobility while preventing electrolyte creeping at high temperature, and the use of plasticizers, fillers, statistical copolymers, and branched polymers such as cross‐linked and comb‐shaped polymers was developed. However, PEO and “dry” solid polymer electrolytes incorporating dissolved lithium salts, in general, suffer from intrinsic limitations. Thus, we then present as perspectives, the most promising polymer electrolyte concepts for improving lithium metal polymer batteries. In particular, the use of polycarbonates as alternative polymer matrixes, the use of polymers in hybrid organic/inorganic electrolytes, the use of block copolymers and liquid crystals for decorrelating conductivity from mechanical properties, and finally, the development of single‐ion conductors.

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Transport of ions and electrons in nanostructured liquid crystals

Cited by 351 publications

References 207 publications

Functional liquid-crystalline polymers and supramolecular liquid crystals

Functional liquid-crystalline polymers and supramolecular liquid crystals

Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline Mesophase of Lithium Triflate–Nonionic Surfactant as Gel Electrolyte for Graphene Optical Modulator

Solid‐State Batteries with Polymer Electrolytes

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