Transport of highly concentrated fuel in direct methanol fuel cells

Yan, Xiaohui; Gao, Ping; Zhao, Gang; Shi, Le; Xu, Jianbo; Zhao, Tianshou

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.186

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, significant efforts should be done towards its commercialization in order to overcome its different scientific challenges, which include its higher costs, due to the use of noble metals as catalysts with higher loadings (usually, 4 mg/cm 2 Pt/Ru and 4 mg/cm 2 of Pt), and lower power outputs, due to the slow electrochemical reactions that occur on both sides of the cell and methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode side [1,2]. In order to overcome these challenges, different approaches such as improving the cell performance through changes on the different components structure and materials have been studied [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is commonly accepted that the structural parameters of the DLs that have a clear effect on the pDMFC behavior are its thickness (linked to the mass transport resistance), its porosity (related to the species transport), and its wettability and roughness (responsible for the droplet/bubble attachment on the DL). Therefore, DLs with different structures, thicknesses, porosities, permeabilities, and surface wettability will have different transport characteristics and will lead to a different fuel cell behavior [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of the Anode Diffusion Layer Properties on the Performance of a Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

2020

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Passive direct methanol fuel cells (pDMFCs) are promising devices to replace the conventional batteries in portable electronic devices, due to their higher energy densities, autonomies, and instant recharging. However, some challenges, such as their costs, efficiency, and durability, need to be overcome before their commercialization. Towards that, this work presents the effect of the anode diffusion layer (ADL) properties on the performance of a pDMFC using a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with reduced loadings on both anode and cathode catalysts (3 mg/cm2 Pt/Ru on the anode and 1.3 mg/cm2 of Pt on the cathode). The pDMFC behavior was evaluated through polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, which allow identifying and quantifying the different losses that affect these systems. The results showed better performances when a diffusion layer with a dual-layer structure was used using higher methanol concentrations. The maximum power density achieved was 3.00 mW/cm2, using carbon cloth with a microporous layer, CC_MPL, as ADL, and a methanol concentration of 5 M. In this work, a tailored and low-cost MEA, using the materials available in the market, was proposed to achieve higher performances working under higher methanol concentrations. This work demonstrates that performing modifications on the fuel cell structure/design is an efficient way to achieve optimized performances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of the Anode Diffusion Layer Properties on the Performance of a Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

2020

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“…The absence of a replacement for vehicles that run on liquid fuels, and a high price of electric vehicles made the automotive industry devote its resources to finding alternative fuels as a replacement and to decreasing the emissions concerned with environmental problems [5][6][7]. Recent studies revealed that greenhouse gases and harmful combustion chamber emissions can be significantly reduced by using fuels, such as alcohol and biodiesel, as primary alternatives [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of Energy and Ecological Indicators of a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel, Biodiesel (RME-Based) and Isopropanol Fuel Blends

2020

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This article presents the results of a study of energy and ecological indicators at different engine loads (BMEP) adjusting the Start of Injection (SOI) of a Compression Ignition Engine fuelled with blends of diesel (D), rapeseed methyl ester (RME)-based biodiesel and isopropanol (P). Fuel blends mixed at D50RME45P5, D50RME40P10 and D50RME30P20 proportions were used. Alcohol-based fuels, such as isopropanol, were chosen because they can be made from different biomass-based feedstocks and used as additives with diesel fuel in diesel engines. Diesel fuel and its blend with 10% alcohol have almost the same thermal efficiency (BTE). In further examination of energy and ecological indicators, combustion parameters were analysed at SOI 6 CAD BTDC using AVL BOOST software (BURN subprogram). Increasing alcohol content in fuel blends led to a reduced cetane number, which prolonged the ignition delay phase and intensified heat release in the premixed combustion phase. Higher combustion temperatures and oxygen content in the fuel blends increased NOx emissions. Lower C/H ratios and higher O2 levels affected by RME and isopropanol reduced smoke emissions.

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“…In order to realize the widespread commercialization of PEMFCs, these cost and durability requirements must be met. Therefore, the technical issues including sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), high platinum (Pt) catalyst loading, poor durability of catalyst support, poisoning of hydrogen fuel (due to existence of S and CO even in parts per million), low proton conductivity of proton exchange membrane at elevated temperatures, insufficient mechanical strength of branched membranes, poor water management at electrodes, and methanol crossover (in case of direct methanol fuel cells) need to be addressed . In addition to that, experimental results can also be compared with the computational fluid dynamics models to better understand the distribution of gas in different types of flow channels and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the technical issues including sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), high platinum (Pt) catalyst loading, poor durability of catalyst support, poisoning of hydrogen fuel (due to existence of S and CO even in parts per million), low proton conductivity of proton exchange membrane at elevated temperatures, insufficient mechanical strength of branched membranes, poor water management at electrodes, and methanol crossover (in case of direct methanol fuel cells) need to be addressed. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In addition to that, experimental results can also be compared with the computational fluid dynamics models to better understand the distribution of gas in different types of flow channels and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). 27,28 Conventionally, supported Pt in the form of nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanodendrites, nanorods, nanowires (NWs), etc., is being used as catalyst for its superior catalytic activity and excellent resistance towards acidic and oxidative environments, whose cost can be further reduced by employing Pt-based alloys (bi metallic, eg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in hybrid support material for Pt‐based electrocatalysts of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

et al. 2018

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Summary Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an energy conversion technology with an excellent potential to replace fossil fuel–based internal combustion engines. Evenly distributed Pt on conductive support is commonly used as an electrocatalyst. This catalyst support material is a key component of proton exchange membrane fuel cell as it greatly affects the cost, durability, and electrochemical activity of fuel cells. Although the carbon‐based support materials have evolved in the last few decades, there is still need to explore other alternatives as the corrosion of carbon is inevitable under the harsh environments within the catalyst layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Moreover, the performance of noncarbon supports is also not satisfactory. Therefore, the advent of hybrid support materials, which are electrochemically stable and cost‐effective, is required. The hybrid supports exhibiting the characteristics of contributing component, or even showing synergistic effect, would circumvent the shortcomings associated with individual components. This review introduces the recent advances in hybrid support materials, including carbonaceous and noncarbonaceous one; discusses the pros and cons of different support materials; and highlights the improved properties of hybrid supports as compared with the individual components.

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Transport of highly concentrated fuel in direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of the Anode Diffusion Layer Properties on the Performance of a Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of the Anode Diffusion Layer Properties on the Performance of a Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Research of Energy and Ecological Indicators of a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel, Biodiesel (RME-Based) and Isopropanol Fuel Blends

Recent advances in hybrid support material for Pt‐based electrocatalysts of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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