“…Hydrothermal fluids from the lower crust and upper mantle usually carry multiple elements (e.g., Ca, Mg, Cu, Hg, P, S) that exist as cations and onions (German et al, 2006;Sherman et al, 2009). During the upward movement along faults and the water circulation in the basin (Yu et al, 2019;Negrete-Aranda et al, 2021), with the changes of temperature, pressure, pH, salinity and redox conditions, hydrothermal fluids deposit carbonate, quartz, Ca-Mg-siderite, sulfate, and sulfide (Renaut et al, 2002;Lima and De Ros, 2019;Renard et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2020;Renaut et al, 2021). The controlling factors on organic matter enrichment are primary productivity (e.g., plankton and bacteria), preservation of organic matter, and dilution and/or silicification effects of terrigenous detrital input (Tourtelot, 1979;Rimmer et al, 2004;Li et al, 2017a;Zou et al, 2019;Jiang et al, 2020;Xie et al, 2021).…”