Transport of explosives II: use of headspace-SPME/GC μ-ECD and TEEM GC/MS for detection of TNT vapors from sand buried samples

Baez, Bibiana; Correa, Sandra N.; Hernández‐Rivera, Samuel P.

doi:10.1117/12.602446

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…7 Because of its serious toxicity to both humans and the environment, TNT is included in the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) priority pollutants list. 8 Various methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 9 liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC− MS), 10 gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS), 11 and surface plasmon resonance sensing 12 have been developed for the determination of TNT. Although these methods have high reliability and accuracy, they have disadvantages such as process complexity, preliminary sample preparation, the need for qualified personnel, and high-cost instrumentation.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Quantum Yield Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dot-Based Fluorescent Probes for Selective Sensing of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Koç

Üzer

Apak

2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Fluorescent carbon quantum dots hold great promise for the determination of nitro-explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a potential environmental pollutant. Here, a nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot (N-CQD)-based fluorometric probe with high quantum yield (73.10%) was developed for the selective determination of TNT. N-CQDs were synthesized by the reflux method using citric acid (CA) as a carbon precursor and ethylenediamine (EDA) with diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as nitrogen precursors. N-CQDs, with excitation and emission wavelengths of 360 and 460 nm, respectively, were highly selective toward TNT among different types of explosives [i.e., tetryl, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 4amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (ADNT), HMX, 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)]. As a result of the dominant FRET mechanism secondarily assisted by ground-state donor−acceptor complexation, the fluorescence of N-CQDs showed excellent quenching in the presence of TNT. The structure of N-CQDs was elucidated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, IR, Raman, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering techniques, and their interaction mechanism with TNT was resolved using the Gaussian (i.e., highest occupied molecular orbital−lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels) program. The limit of detection and limit of quantification in aqueous media were 30.0 and 90.0 nM, respectively, while the Benesi−Hildebrand binding constant of N-CQDs was 2.22 × 10 3 . In the presence of common soil ions, explosive mixtures, and camouflage materials, the N-CQDs could determine TNT with recoveries between 94.9 and 104.9%. In addition, sandy soil specimens were artificially contaminated with TNT as real samples, and the TNT extracted from these samples was determined by both N-CQDs and the reference liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method to validate the proposed fluorometric method. To design field detection techniques, two different support materials based on the thin layer chromatography-paper and hydrogel (N-CQD-gel) were developed, and TNT was determined visually at a μM level with both materials. The developed support materials make N-CQDs potentially useful in environmental sensor applications with their selective and sensitive sensing ability.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Quantum Yield Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dot-Based Fluorescent Probes for Selective Sensing of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Koç

Üzer

Apak

2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…Most characterization techniques use methodologies based on gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Compounds such as TNT and RDX have been analyzed through this method using GC-MS [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. Most organic peroxide properties allow detection by GC analysis and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) [56,57,[71][72][73].…”

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxide Based Organic Explosives

Türker

2021

EJCS

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In recent years progressively increasing terrorist activities, which use homemade explosives; such as acetone peroxide and other cyclic organic peroxides have led to worldwide awareness by security and defense agencies. Then the development of methodologies for the detection of cyclic organic peroxides have become an urgent need. Until quite recently, most of the current technology in use for trace detection of explosives had been unable to detect these energetic compounds. Differences in physical properties between cyclic organic peroxides is the main barrier for the development of a general method for analysis and detection of the peroxide explosives. In this short review, the most relevant contributions related to preparation, characterization and detection of the most important cyclic organic peroxides have been presented. It also includes few recent investigations about the toxicity and metabolism of some peroxide explosives.

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“…Correa et al have reported the use of EM‐MS to improve detection methods for explosives associated with buried land mines (Correa et al, ; Baez et al, ; Baez, Correa, & Hernandez‐Rivera, ). 2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5‐trinitroperhydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (commonly known as RDX) were investigated with a JEOL GCmate II equipped with a TEEM™ and a HP 5973 mass‐selective detector (MSD) (Correa et al, ).…”

Section: Data Collected On a Jeol Usa Teem™mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In subsequent reports, Correa et al reported improved I‐SPME procedures of TNT from acetonitrile extracts of soil samples (Baez et al, ; Baez, Correa, & Hernandez‐Rivera, ; Correa et al, ). Two different types of samples were investigated.…”

Section: Data Collected On a Jeol Usa Teem™mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical applications of electron monochromator-mass spectrometry

Jensen

Voorhees

2013

Mass Spec Rev

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An electron monochromator (EM) produces an electron beam with a narrow energy distribution that can be utilized with mass spectrometry (MS). The history and development of the EM from an initial research design to a commercial model are reviewed along with MS research applications. An EM incorporated with a mass spectrometer showed significant improvement in sensitivity over traditional methods for negative-ion generation and selectivity for compounds with electrophilic character. Sensitivity of EM-MS has been shown to be 25 fg for hexachlorobenzene in positive-ion mode and 10 fg for nitrobenzene in negative-ion mode. Reports regarding the analysis of chlorinated compounds, explosives, pesticides, phthalates, polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), antioxidants, and bacterial biomarkers are discussed. Additionally, theoretical methods to predict electron-capture properties are presented.

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Transport of explosives II: use of headspace-SPME/GC μ-ECD and TEEM GC/MS for detection of TNT vapors from sand buried samples

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

High Quantum Yield Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dot-Based Fluorescent Probes for Selective Sensing of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

High Quantum Yield Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dot-Based Fluorescent Probes for Selective Sensing of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Peroxide Based Organic Explosives

Analytical applications of electron monochromator-mass spectrometry

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