Transport numbers of various anions relative to chloride ions in modified anion-exchange membranes during electrodialysis

Modification of the AMX membrane surface by polyethyleneimine: Effect of ionic strength on the membrane ion exchange selectivity

“…These results are in agreement with several studies, using either anion exchange membrane or resin. Sata et al proved that the modification of the anionic membrane surface by polyethyleneimine makes the membrane more selective for nitrate than chloride and sulphate ions.…”

Preparation and characterization of N-methylene phosphonic and quaternized chitosan composite membranes for electrolyte separations

“…Separation of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ from Na + is also a serious problem for the removal of hardness from ground water, boiler feed water, production of pure salt, etc. Many technologies such as ion-exchange resin [1], chelation of bivalent ions [2,3], ultrafiltration or nanofiltration [4,5], and electrodialysis [6,7] have been used by different scientists to solve this problem. But the use of hazardous chemicals and solvents during the preparation of membranes or resins is a serious problem.…”

Preparation and characterization of monovalent cation selective sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(ether sulfone) composite membranes

“…Ion-exchange membranes have mostly been used in solutions containing multiple components, such as electrodialytic demineralization of saline water, treatment of industrial effluents containing toxic metal ions and selective separation of inorganic from organics in solution phase. In some cases, because specific ions should be concentrated or removed from the mixture, ion-exchange membranes with specific selectivity for particular ions such as: monovalent permselective ion-exchange membranes [9][10][11], proton permselective ion-exchange membranes [12,13], etc., have been used for diversified applications. Separation of ions with same charges using ion-exchange membranes is important and also difficult and challenging.…”