Transport, Mobility, Emissions, and Development

Kopp, Andreas; Block, Rachel I.; Iimi, Atsushi

doi:10.1596/9780821398357_ch01

Cited by 2 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…At the heart of any historical debate about the socioeconomic effects of the railway line is the issue of their potential contribution to growth through the so-called backward linkage – increased demand for labor, coal, steel, or financial services – and forward linkage in the form of the economic effects because of lower transportation costs for agriculture and industry. Considering this, Kopp and his co-authors’ study revealed that railway lines have a significant advantage to foster sustainable transportation (Kopp et al, 2013). On top of that, the rail sector accounts for 3.5 percent of total transport emission, while it contributes to over 8 percent of the total movement of passengers and goods and services globally; rail carries 6.3 percent of the global passenger transport demand and 9 percent of total freight demand (Atsushi et al, 2017; IEA and UIC, 2015).…”

Section: Identification Of Benefits and Linkagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the importance of the Sino-Africa swap formula in creating backward and forward linkages

Omoruyi

2020

Asian Journal of Comparative Politics

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African nations are trying to diversify their economies in order to induce industrialization that will help them eradicate poverty and create employment for their young workforce. One of the continent’s key challenges continues to be the shortage of physical infrastructure. Therefore, finding ways to overcome this problem has become of large importance. China has identified this and has thus enhanced its involvement in Africa primarily via its swap formula. The formula enables the financing and development of infrastructure that African nations critically need by depending on their resource wealth. However, the mounting involvement of the formula has continued to stimulate questions on its impact regarding creating backward and forward linkages. As such, one of the significant aims of this article is to identify linkages that emerge from the Chinese swap formula that involve long-term concessionary loans from China’s Exim Bank to finance major infrastructure projects in Africa. It examines whether the swap formula is creating backward and forward linkages in Africa, and what the infrastructure leads to concerning creating novel opportunities for the continent, by theoretically answering this question: “Can China’s swap formula create backward and forward linkages?” Furthermore, the article theoretically identifies the benefits and linkages of the formula via a case study – that of Abuja-Kaduna railway. Arguably, the article discovers that the formula has multiple benefits and linkages for Africa. It is also seen by the Chinese government as a way of fulfilling its strategic goals in Africa.

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Section: Identification Of Benefits and Linkagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the importance of the Sino-Africa swap formula in creating backward and forward linkages

Omoruyi

2020

Asian Journal of Comparative Politics

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“…26 Investments in walking and biking networks can induce increased walking and bike trips by up to 20% (IPCC, 2014). A modern public bus emits, on average, half the CO 2 of a small petroleum-fueled car per passenger-km (Kopp et al, 2013). While metros and light rails 27 have lower direct CO 2 emissions than cars, their capital costs are substantially higher and start-up times longer than those of BRTs.…”

Section: 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emissions of light rails are equal to or lower than those of buses, depending upon the type of energy used and load factors; however, light rails cost substantially more (Kopp et al, 2013).…”

Section: 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since high-speed rail has large capital costs, it requires dense concentrations of populations around stations and high demand to justify the costs, and may be relevant in only a few LAC countries, such as Brazil (Kopp et al, 2013). Similarly, light rail and metro systems need high levels of demand to justify the high capital investment costs.…”

Section: 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freight rail, however, may need subsidies to compete with road to be completely competitive, since roads are already heavily publicly subsidized and are usually used free of charge (Kopp et al, 2013).…”

Section: 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Background Paper: Transport Sector

Linares,

Scholl,

Celse L'Hoste

et al. 2014

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Between 2000 and 2009, emissions from transport in the Region increased by 12% on a per capita basis, while increasing less than 2% globally. Although per capita emissions in LAC are still low relative to those in developed countries, transport emissions in Europe and the United States are stabilizing or beginning to decline, while in LAC they continue to grow rapidly.This sector study reviews progress made in the transport sector in response to IDB's commitments in the Climate Change (CC) Strategy and other policy documents. OVE also examines the CC relevance and results of a sample of 20 projects for land transport.

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Transport, Mobility, Emissions, and Development

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Examining the importance of the Sino-Africa swap formula in creating backward and forward linkages

Examining the importance of the Sino-Africa swap formula in creating backward and forward linkages

Background Paper: Transport Sector

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