Transport in charged membranes

Dorst, W.; Staverman, A. J.; Caramazza, Raffaele

doi:10.1002/recl.19640831220

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Later a thermodynamic approach was made by Kedem and Katchalsky (2), who formulated Schlogl's theory in a more general way. A similar thermodynamic result was found for osmotic flow under the usual conditions (zero electric current and pressure gradient) by Dorst and his co-workers (3). This contained no approximations in the osmotic trans-port coefficients.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Anomalous Osmotic Flow and the Frictional Model of an Ionic Membrane

Dawson

Dorst

Meares

1969

J. polym. sci., C Polym. symp.

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SynopsisIn the system Zeo-Karb 315 and SrBr:, a reversal of solvent flow has been found with increasing external concentration. This is not easily predicted either from Schlogl's theory or from thermodynamics. It is desired to discover what behavior of the ionic and molecular friction coefficients can cause a reversal of flow under these conditions. Dorst, Staverman, and Caramazza's treatment has been extended to permit coefficients to be calculated from a set of available transport data, which include the osmotic flows. These coefficients may be calculated from the ratio of osmotic solvent and salt fluxes, the coion tracer-diffusion coefficient, the electrical conductance, the electroosmotic permeability, and the sorption of salt by the membrane. By assuming that the friction coefficient of coion and solvent in the membrane has the same value as in free solution a set of coefficients r i k has been obtained that are consistent with the known physical requirements of the system. They show that the friction of the solvent with the matrix and with the counterions both increase with increasing external salt concentration; whereas the friction of the counterion with the matrix decreases. The obtained rik values are also consistent with the change in counterion tracer-diffusion coefficient with concentration. These results may be interpreted to mean that the coions are transported in solution-filled pore-like interstices, whereas the counterions move through a denser, gel-like medium.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Anomalous Osmotic Flow and the Frictional Model of an Ionic Membrane

Dawson

Dorst

Meares

1969

J. polym. sci., C Polym. symp.

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“…[10] takes the form in which it has been derived by Dorst et al(57) via.,1/T~ = (U,/c~) + (x~/x~a) [111 The relevant data from the work of Tombalakian et al (30) have been used by Dorst and Staverman (58) to derive values for the ratio (Xa4/Xls)HCl/(Xzc/X13)X~Cl,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroosmosis in Ion-Exchange Membranes

Lakshminarayanaiah

1969

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Application of an electric field to the system, electrolyte solution ⇌ membrane ⇌ electrolyte solution, gives rise to unidirectional flow of solvent phenomenologically called electroosmosis. The volume of this transference depends primarily on membrane water content and the concentration of the electrolyte solution bounding the membrane on either side. For the passage of 1F of electricity, the quantity of electroosmotic flow in dilute solutions is shown by some investigators to be dependent on current density, while others claim it to be independent of current density. Recent measurements indicate that membranes with low water contents (less than about 14%) produce water flows independent of current density, while those with higher water contents show current dependence. However, at external concentration greater than 0.1N, the current dependence of water flow disappears and the flow decreases with increase in external concentration. These results and others are discussed in terms of existing theories of electroosmosis in charged membranes.

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“…Membrane characteristics and the diffusion cell were described previouslyP. 5 The two halves of the cell, separated by the membrane, each contained a dip-counter; effective circulation was attained using magnetic stirrers (see fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%