Transport, biomass burning, and in-situ formation contribute to fine particle concentrations at a remote site near Grand Teton National Park

Schurman, M. I.; Lee, Taehyoung; Desyaterik, Yury; Schichtel, B. A.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Collett, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.043

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The organic nitrate concentration can also be estimated using the organic concentration and elemental ratios (OM : OC and N : C) from HR-ToF-AMS measurements (Method 2) (Schurman et al, 2015). Using these two methods (see details in Sect.…”

Section: Nitrate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high-resolution mode only analyzed the signals with m/z below 200. AMS calibrations -including ionization efficiency (IE) calibration, flow rate calibration and size calibration -were used as well as data quality assurance protocols (DeCarlo et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2013;Schurman et al, 2015). IE calibrations with differential mobility analyzer (DMA) size-selected (mobility diameter, D m = 400 nm) pure ammonium nitrate particles were carried out weekly.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of traffic emissions on atmospheric particulate nitrate and organics at a downwind site on the periphery of Guangzhou, China

Qin

Tan

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) pollution on the peripheries of Chinese megacities can be as serious as in cities themselves. Given the substantial vehicular emissions in inner-city areas, the direct transport of primary PM (e.g., black carbon and primary organics) and effective formation of secondary PM from precursors (e.g., NO x and volatile organic compounds) can contribute to PM pollution in "buffer" zones between cities. To investigate how traffic emissions in inner-city areas impact these adjacent buffer zones, a suite of real-time instruments were deployed in Panyu, downwind from central Guangzhou, from November to December 2014. Nitrate mass fraction was higher on high-PM days, with the average nitrate-to-sulfate ratio increasing from around 0.35 to 1.5 as the PM mass concentration increased from 10 to 160 µg m −3 . Particulate nitrate was strongly correlated with excess ammonium (([NHwith higher concentrations in December than in November due to lower temperatures. The organic mass fraction was the highest across all PM 1 levels throughout the campaign. While organic aerosols (OA) were dominated by secondary organic aerosols (SOA = semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosols + low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosols) as a campaign average, freshly emitted hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols (HOA) contributed up to 40 % of OA during high-OA periods, which typically occurred at nighttime and contributed 23.8 to 28.4 % on average. This was due to daytime traffic restrictions on heavy-duty vehicles in Guangzhou, and HOA almost increased linearly with total OA concentration. SOA increased as odd oxygen (O x = O 3 + NO 2 ) increased during the day due to photochemistry. A combination of nighttime traffic emissions and daytime photochemistry contributed to the buildup of PM in Panyu. The mitigation of PM pollution in inner-city areas by reducing vehicular traffic can potentially improve air quality in peripheral areas.

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Section: Nitrate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of traffic emissions on atmospheric particulate nitrate and organics at a downwind site on the periphery of Guangzhou, China

Qin

Tan

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…As a response, in 2006 the World Health Organization (WHO) established air quality thresholds for PM: a daily average of 25 (50) µg m −3 and a mean annual limit of 10 (20) µg m −3 for PM 2.5 , i.e., PM with diameter < 2.5 µm (PM 10 ) (WHO, 2006). During recent decades, high-time-resolution monitoring instruments have been implemented in Europe within the ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure network) program, in America with the IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) network (Prenni et al, 2016;Schurman et al, 2015) or more recently in Asia, in order to better characterize fine particles. Yet the African continent remains poorly documented in terms of particulate pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of submicron aerosols measured in Senegal during the 2015 SHADOW campaign

Rivellini¹,

Chiapello²,

Tison³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The present study offers the first chemical characterization of the submicron (PM 1 ) fraction in western Africa at a high time resolution, thanks to collocated measurements of nonrefractory (NR) species with an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM), black carbon and iron concentrations derived from absorption coefficient measurements with a 7-wavelength Aethalometer, and total PM 1 determined by a TEOM-FDMS (tapered element oscillating microbalance-filtered dynamic measurement system) for mass closure. The field campaign was carried out over 3 months (March to June 2015) as part of the SHADOW (SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) project at a coastal site located in the outskirts of the city of Mbour, Senegal. With an averaged mass concentration of 5.4 µg m −3 , levels of NR PM 1 in Mbour were 3 to 10 times lower than those generally measured in urban and suburban polluted environments. Nonetheless the first half of the observation period was marked by intense but short pollution events (NR PM 1 concentrations higher than 15 µg m −3 ), sea breeze phenomena and Saharan desert dust outbreaks (PM 10 up to 900 µg m −3 ). During the second half of the campaign, the sampling site was mainly under the influence of marine air masses. The air masses on days under continental and sea breeze influences were dominated by organics (36-40 %), whereas sulfate particles were predominant (40 %) for days under oceanic influence. Overall, measurements showed that about threequarters of the total PM 1 were explained by NR PM 1 , BC (black carbon) and Fe (a proxy for dust) concentrations, leaving approximately one-quarter for other refractory species. A mean value of 4.6 % for the Fe / PM 1 ratio was obtained. Source apportionment of the organic fraction, using positive matrix factorization (PMF), highlighted the impact of local combustion sources, such as traffic and residential activities, which contribute on average to 52 % of the total organic fraction. A new organic aerosol (OA) source, representing on average 3 % of the total OA fraction, showed similar variation to nonrefractory particulate chloride. Its rose plot and daily pattern pointed to local combustion processes, i.e., two open waste-burning areas located about 6 and 11 km away from the receptor site and to a lesser extent a traditional fish-smoking location. The remaining fraction was identified as oxygenated organic aerosols (OOA), a factor that prevailed regardless of the day type (45 %) and was representative of regional (approximately three-quarters) but also local (approximately one-quarter) sources due to enhanced photochemical processes.

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“…Shiprock experiences low wintertime inversions that trap air pollution close to the ground, including combustion emissions from home heating (Hickmott et al, 1997). Wood and coal combustion produce a complex mixture of emissions (Gaston et al, 2016), including fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) (McDonald and Zielinska, 2000;Bond, 2002;Schurman et al, 2015), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Fine et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2005;Samburova et al, 2016), and carbon monoxide (CO) (Jaszczur et al, 1995;Venkataraman and Rao, 2001). These components have been associated with adverse health effects (Butt et al, 2016;Solomon et al 2012;Breysse et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception, culture, and science: A framework to identify in-home heating options to improve indoor air quality in the Navajo Nation

Champion

Charley

Klein

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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A 2010 study identified higher than average incidence of respiratory disease in Shiprock, NM, the largest city in the Navajo Nation. That study suggested that the potential cause was the combustion of solid fuels in in-home heating stoves and that respiratory disease could be greatly reduced by changing indoor heating behaviors and improving heating stove quality. Since the Navajo people are deeply embedded in culture and traditions that strongly influence their daily lives, a new framework was needed to identify feasible heating alternatives that could reduce the negative environmental and health impacts related to solid fuel use while respecting the culture of the Navajo people. The resulting Navajo framework included perception, cultural, and technical assessments to evaluate seven heating alternatives perceived viable by Navajo stakeholders. Cultural experts at the Diné Policy Institute identified potential cultural limitations and motivating factors for each alternative. A limited technical assessment of the health benefits of these options was conducted and integrated into the process. A parallel convergent mixed-methods approach was employed to integrate qualitative and quantitative results. The results and framework developed and presented here may be useful for decision makers in communities heavily reliant on solid fuels for heat, especially Native Nations, where culture plays an important role in the success of any intervention.

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Transport, biomass burning, and in-situ formation contribute to fine particle concentrations at a remote site near Grand Teton National Park

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Impacts of traffic emissions on atmospheric particulate nitrate and organics at a downwind site on the periphery of Guangzhou, China

Impacts of traffic emissions on atmospheric particulate nitrate and organics at a downwind site on the periphery of Guangzhou, China

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of submicron aerosols measured in Senegal during the 2015 SHADOW campaign

Perception, culture, and science: A framework to identify in-home heating options to improve indoor air quality in the Navajo Nation

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