Transport behavior and rice uptake of radiostrontium and radiocesium in flooded paddy soils contaminated in two contrasting ways

Choi, Yong-Ho; Lim, Kwang-Muk; Jun, In; Keum, Dong-Kwon; Han, Moon‐Hee; Kim, In-Gyu

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.063

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The affected countries—Ukraine, the United States, the former Soviet Union, and Japan—have developed suitable experimental sites for such studies. However, countries that do not have such experimental sites, such as China (unless they use a site at which nuclear weapons have been tested), should rely on in vitro experiments using stable isotopes, to simulate the transfer of the corresponding radioactive nuclides from contaminated soil to plants and even to trace their path in the food chain (Choi et al 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the Transfer of Strontium-90 from Soil to Leafy Vegetables by Using Strontium-88

Ding

Liu

et al. 2016

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The transfer, from soil to Chinese cabbage and spinach, of radioactive strontium-90 released as a result of accidents in nuclear power stations was studied using a stable isotope of strontium, namely nuclide strontium-88 (88Sr). The study led to an experimental model for assessing the hazard of radionuclide strontium-90 (90Sr) entering the food chain and for predicting the risk to food safety. Chinese cabbage and spinach were grown in pots in a greenhouse and irrigated with deionized water containing known quantities of strontium. Based on the strontium content of that water, the plants were divided into five groups (treatments) and strontium content of the soil, and 30-day-old plants were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy instrument (ICP-AES). Data on the strontium content of soil and plants enabled the development of a model using MATLAB, a mathematical software package, which included curve fitting and problem solving using regression equations and differential equations. Although strontium curves for leaves, stems, and roots of Chinese cabbage were not exactly the same, all showed a non-linear increase when compared with the increase in the content of strontium in soil. Strontium curves for leaves, stems, and roots of spinach were very similar and showed an initial increase followed by a decrease. Strontium concentrations in both Chinese cabbage and spinach were initially related to the concentrations of sodium and sulfur, the next two relevant nuclides being calcium and magnesium. The relationship between calcium and strontium in Chinese cabbage was different from that in spinach. By using 88Sr to simulate the transfer of radionuclide 90Sr from soil to a crop, the relevant data required to deal with accidental release of strontium can be obtained using a fitting curve and regression equations, thereby providing some experimental basis for evaluating the potential hazards posed by such accidents to the food chain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the Transfer of Strontium-90 from Soil to Leafy Vegetables by Using Strontium-88

Ding

Liu

et al. 2016

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…The percolating water was discharged almost every week from 14 and 8 d after the contamination of the lysimeter water in SN-I and SN-II, respectively, i.e., from 9 d after transplanting in both. For the weekly discharge, 3.4 L of the percolating water was drained from each lysimeter through the tap to simulate a daily water percolation of 5.5 mm, which is considered to be an average for Korean rice fields during the irrigation period [7,27]. Aliquots of the duplicate discharges from the contaminated lysimeters were put into one bottle to make a composite sample for each soil.…”

Section: Sampling and Sample Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the 99 Tc deposited onto a rice field after transplanting may be retained near the soil surface as rice fields are not plowed during the growing period. To evaluate the 99 Tc uptake following such a post-transplanting deposition, it may be appropriate to use the areal deposition-based TF (TF area , m 2 ·kg −1 ) defined as the ratio of plant concentration to the deposition density [25][26][27]. Even the uptake from pre-transplanting contamination with plowing can be quantified with the TF area only if the deposition density is known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolutions of the 99 Tc concentrations in the surface water and percolating water were observed to see the possibility of nearby water bodies being contaminated by drainage and leaching. The 99 Tc resolved in the surface water may be available for the uptake of 99 Tc through the plant base (shoot base) [25,27,29]. The data on the 99 Tc concentration in the surface water may be useful in estimating the magnitude of the plant-base uptake from the contaminated surface water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rice Uptake and Leaching of 99tc in Different Paddy Soils Contaminated According to Two Contrasting Scenarios

Choi

Lim²,

Jun³

et al. 2015

J Radiat Prot Res

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Four different paddy soils collected around the Gyeongju nuclear site were treated with 99 TcO 4 − solution under the assumption of two contrasting contamination scenarios. Scenario I (SN-I) is for a pre-transplanting deposition of 99 Tc followed by plowing, whereas SN-II is for its deposition onto the water surface shortly after transplanting. Rice plants were grown in lysimeters in a greenhouse. Plant uptake of 99 Tc was quantified with the TF area (m 2 ·kg −1 -dry). The SN-II TF area values for straws and brown rice, having been generally higher than the SN-I values, were within the ranges of 6.9x10 −3~4 .1x10 −2 and 5.2x10 −6~7 .3x10 −5 , respectively. Sorption onto clay seems to have decreased 99 Tc uptake in SN-I, whereas it may have had an insignificant effect in SN-II. A phenomenon characteristic of submerged paddy soil, i.e., the development of a thin oxic surface layer may have greatly affected the rice uptake of SN-II 99 Tc. The surface-water concentrations of 99 Tc were much higher in SN-II than in SN-I. For the percolating water, however, the opposite was generally true. At most 1.3% of the applied 99 Tc were leached through such percolation. The use of empirical deposition time-dependent TF area values was considered desirable in assessing the radiological impact of a growing-season deposition of 99 Tc onto paddy fields.

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“…A hydroponic study with a rice stem exposed to 137 Cs via wet cotton revealed detectable 137 Cs uptake which translocated to other shoot and root parts (Tsumura et al, 1984). In a lysimeter study, rice plants took up four-to 11-fold more 137 Cs when 137 Cs contamination was added to flooded water after transplanting than when the same amount of 137 Cs was mixed in soils before planting (Choi et al, 2011). Pot trials with soils collected from the Fukushima-affected area showed that rice irrigated with artificially contaminated water ( 137 Cs: 10 Bq l À1 ) increased the 137 Cs concentration in brown rice by factors of 11-31 compared to that irrigated with tap water ( 137 Cs: 0.03 Bq l À1 ) (Suzuki et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar uptake of radiocaesium from irrigation water by paddy rice (Oryza sativa): an overlooked pathway in contaminated environments

et al. 2017

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Flooded (paddy) rice (Oryza sativa) can take up ions from the irrigation water by foliar uptake via the exposed stem base. We hypothesised that the stem base uptake of radiocaesium (RCs) is a pathway for rice grown in RCs-contaminated environments. We developed a bi-compartmental device which discriminates the stem base from root RCs uptake from solutions, thereby using RCs isotopes ( Cs and Cs) with< 2% solution leak between the compartments. Radiocaesium uptake was linear over time (0-24 h). Radiocaesium uptake to the entire plant, expressed per dry weight of the exposed parts, was sixfold higher for the roots than for the exposed stem base. At equal RCs concentrations in both compartments, the exposed stem base and root uptake contributed almost equally to the total shoot RCs concentrations. Reducing potassium supply to the roots not only increased the root RCs uptake but also increased RCs uptake by the stem base. This study was the first to experimentally demonstrate active and internally regulated RCs uptake by the stem base of rice. Scenario calculations for the Fukushima-affected area predict that RCs in irrigation water could be an important source of RCs in rice as indirectly suggested from field data.

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Transport behavior and rice uptake of radiostrontium and radiocesium in flooded paddy soils contaminated in two contrasting ways

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Simulating the Transfer of Strontium-90 from Soil to Leafy Vegetables by Using Strontium-88

Simulating the Transfer of Strontium-90 from Soil to Leafy Vegetables by Using Strontium-88

Rice Uptake and Leaching of 99tc in Different Paddy Soils Contaminated According to Two Contrasting Scenarios

Foliar uptake of radiocaesium from irrigation water by paddy rice (Oryza sativa): an overlooked pathway in contaminated environments

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