“…The selected catalysts with an inverse spinel structure (NiFe 2 O 4 , CoFe 2 O 4 , and NiCo 2 O 4 ) are ferrimagnetic [34], i.e., they exhibit a spin arrangement: ↑↓↑ for A(Oh)/B(Td)/B(Oh), using the notation (A = Ni, Co; B = Fe, Co), spin up (↑), spin down (↓), and Oh and Td refer to octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively. At variance, ZnCo 2 O 4 only exists in the normal spinel structure and is ferromagnetic [35,36], with spin arrangement ↑↑ for A(Td)/B(Oh), where (A = Zn; B = Co). We verified that our DFT+U predictions are consistent with these expectations.…”
The surface configurations of the low-index facets of a set of spinel oxides are investigated using DFT+U calculations to derive surface energies and predict equilibrium nanoparticle shapes via the Wulff construction. Two very different conditions are investigated, corresponding to application either in heterogeneous catalysis or in electrocatalysis. First, the bare stoichiometric surfaces of NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, NiCo2O4, and ZnCo2O4 spinels are studied to model their use as high-temperature oxidation catalysts. Second, focusing attention on the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and on the CoFe2O4 inverse spinel as the most promising OER catalyst, we generate surface configurations by adsorbing OER intermediates and, in an innovative study, we recalculate surface energies taking into account adsorption and environmental conditions, i.e., applied electrode potential and O2 pressure. We predict that under OER operating conditions, (111) facets are dominant in CoFe2O4 nanoparticle shapes, in fair agreement with microscopy measurements. Importantly, in the OER case, we predict a strong dependence of nanoparticle shape upon O2 pressure. Increasing O2 pressure increases the size of the higher-index (111) and (110) facets at the expense of the (001) more catalytically active facet, whereas the opposite occurs at low O2 pressure. These predictions should be experimentally verifiable and help define the optimal OER operative conditions.
“…The selected catalysts with an inverse spinel structure (NiFe 2 O 4 , CoFe 2 O 4 , and NiCo 2 O 4 ) are ferrimagnetic [34], i.e., they exhibit a spin arrangement: ↑↓↑ for A(Oh)/B(Td)/B(Oh), using the notation (A = Ni, Co; B = Fe, Co), spin up (↑), spin down (↓), and Oh and Td refer to octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively. At variance, ZnCo 2 O 4 only exists in the normal spinel structure and is ferromagnetic [35,36], with spin arrangement ↑↑ for A(Td)/B(Oh), where (A = Zn; B = Co). We verified that our DFT+U predictions are consistent with these expectations.…”
The surface configurations of the low-index facets of a set of spinel oxides are investigated using DFT+U calculations to derive surface energies and predict equilibrium nanoparticle shapes via the Wulff construction. Two very different conditions are investigated, corresponding to application either in heterogeneous catalysis or in electrocatalysis. First, the bare stoichiometric surfaces of NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, NiCo2O4, and ZnCo2O4 spinels are studied to model their use as high-temperature oxidation catalysts. Second, focusing attention on the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and on the CoFe2O4 inverse spinel as the most promising OER catalyst, we generate surface configurations by adsorbing OER intermediates and, in an innovative study, we recalculate surface energies taking into account adsorption and environmental conditions, i.e., applied electrode potential and O2 pressure. We predict that under OER operating conditions, (111) facets are dominant in CoFe2O4 nanoparticle shapes, in fair agreement with microscopy measurements. Importantly, in the OER case, we predict a strong dependence of nanoparticle shape upon O2 pressure. Increasing O2 pressure increases the size of the higher-index (111) and (110) facets at the expense of the (001) more catalytically active facet, whereas the opposite occurs at low O2 pressure. These predictions should be experimentally verifiable and help define the optimal OER operative conditions.
“…The ZnCo 2 O 4 spinel structure has optical, electrical, magnetic, and photocatalytic properties that meet the needs of material development. [4][5][6][7][8] However, the use of extrinsic doping to achieve p-type semiconductor characteristics for ZnCo 2 O 4 has been rarely discussed in the literature. The p-type ZnCo 2 O 4 semiconductor is formed in a process gas with a higher oxygen content, and the oxygen content of the material composition is higher than the stoichiometric ratio of 57.1 at%, which helps to improve the intrinsic conductivity.…”
In the preparation of Zn(Co1−xCax)2O4 thin films with doping content ratio Cax = 0.00–0.20, analysis shows that no impurity phase is formed in spinel-structure thin films, while doping calcium reduces the grain size of the thin films and the planarization of the surface microstructure. Increasing the doping content ratio of calcium will reduce the ability of the film to absorb blue and ultraviolet light, and reduce the characteristic absorption of ZnCo2O4. The energy gap of Zn(Co1−xCax)2O4 film increases from 2.46 eV at Cax = 0.00 to 2.51 eV at Cax = 0.15. Moreover, doping Ca+2 to replace Co+3 increases the conductivity and carrier concentration, for which the optimal doping ratio is Cax = 0.07. The film resistivity decreases from 270.5 Ω-cm (undoped) to 15.4 Ω-cm (Cax = 0.07) and the carrier concentration increases from 2.54×10e15 (undoped) to 6.25×10e17 cm−3 (Cax = 0.07). Under UV light irradiation and in an environment without any light source, the film exhibits anti–E. coli resistance as high as 99.94% and 99.99%. Thus, P-type Zn(Co1−xCax)2O4 films can be used for antibacterial and electronic components.
“…Among the series of Zn-based spinel, e.g. ZnFe2O4 [15], Zn2SnO4 [16], ZnCr2O4 [17], ZCO stands apart because of its tremendous potential application as an electrode for Li-ion batteries [18], photovoltaic [19], gas-sensors [20], supercapacitors [21] etc. Apart from the unique spinel structures, ZCO has large electrical conductivity and high optical transmission over broadband wavelength regime and therefore well-known as transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) in optoelectronic device [22,23].…”
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.