Transport and fate of 137Cs in the Mediterranean and Black Seas system during 1945–2020 period: A modelling study

Maderich, Vladіmir; Schirone, Antonio; Conte, Fabio; Martazinova, V. F.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106023

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similarly, the fluxes of activity were prescribed for boxes on the open boundary with the Central Atlantic, where an agreement obtained in the model concentrations with measurements (MARIS, 2021) was also achieved (Supplementary Figure 2A). The concentration in the Gibraltar Strait (Supplementary Figure 2B) calculated using simulation output from the Mediterranean Sea modeling (Bezhenar et al, 2019) was in agreement with measurements (MARIS, 2021). The results of modeling for 137 Cs transport in the Baltic Sea (Bezhenar et al, 2016) were used to obtain the flux of activity from the Baltic Sea to the North Sea through the Danish straits (Supplementary Figure 2D).…”

Section: Discharges Of 137 Cs With River Waterssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The compartment structure was chosen to describe fluxes by these main currents in the North Atlantic-Arctic Ocean system and to take into account all important coastal sources of radioactivity entering the ocean from coastal facilities and rivers. The model includes exchange flows of a radionuclide with the Mediterranean Sea obtained from the regional compartment model of the Mediterranean Sea (Bezhenar et al, 2019) and contamination fluxes through Danish straits from the regional compartment model of the Baltic Sea (Maderich et al, 2018a). for the North and Irish seas is shown.…”

Section: Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, modeling is necessary to reconstruct the distribution of radioactivity and to estimate doses for population and biota in areas with sparse measurements. Several studies have been devoted to the modeling of the intake and redistribution of cesium during the entire nuclear era in water, sediments, and biota in the marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean, such as the Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, and Baltic Sea (e.g., CEC, 1990;EC, 2002;Maderich et al, 2018a,b;Bezhenar et al, 2019), as well as in the Arctic Ocean (Iosjpe et al, 2002;Johannessen et al, 2010). However, these studies did not consider in detail the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans as a system or the contribution from different sources to local concentrations of 137 Cs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transport and Fate of 137Cs Released From Multiple Sources in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

Maderich

Kim

Jung³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The North Atlantic and Arctic oceans, along with the North Pacific, are the main reservoirs of anthropogenic radionuclides introduced in the past 75 years. The POSEIDON-R compartment model was applied to the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans to reconstruct 137Cs contamination in 1945–2020 due to multiple sources: global fallout, exchange flows with other oceans, point-source inputs in the ocean from reprocessing plants and other nuclear facilities, the impact of the Chernobyl accident and secondary contamination resulting from river runoff and redissolution from bottom sediments. The model simulated the marine environment as a system of 3D compartments comprising the water column, bottom sediment, and biota. The dynamic model described the transfer of 137Cs through the pelagic and benthic food chains. The simulation results were validated using the marine database MARIS. The calculated concentrations of 137Cs in the seaweed and non-piscivorous and piscivorous pelagic fish mostly followed the concentration of 137Cs in water. The concentration in coastal predator fish lagged behind the concentration in water as a result of a diet that includes both pelagic and benthic organisms. The impact of each considered source on the total concentration of 137Cs in non-piscivorous fish in the regions of interest was analyzed. Whereas the contribution from global fallout dominated in 1960–1970, in 1970–1990, the contribution of 137Cs released from reprocessing plants exceeded the contributions from other sources in almost all considered regions. Secondary contamination due to river runoff was less than 4% of ocean influx. The maximum total inventory of 137Cs in the Arctic Ocean (31,122 TBq) was reached in 1988, whereas the corresponding inventory in the bottom sediment was approximately 6% of the total. The general agreement between simulated and observed 137Cs concentrations in water and bottom sediment was confirmed by the estimates of geometric mean and geometric standard deviation, which varied from 0.89 to 1.29 and from 1.22 to 1.87, respectively. The approach used is useful to synthesize measurement and simulation data in areas with observational gaps. For this purpose, 13 representative regions in the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans were selected for monitoring by using the “etalon” method for classification.

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Section: Discharges Of 137 Cs With River Waterssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transport and Fate of 137Cs Released From Multiple Sources in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

Maderich

Kim

Jung³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…In this frame, several projects aiming to improve the capabilities of simulation radiomodels and decision support systems have been released by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) [2][3][4][5]. For the Mediterranean Sea, radiological models have been developed in regional and local scales focusing on the fate of 137 Cs after the Chernobyl accident [6][7][8][9]. Eastern Mediterranean Sea is of particular interest, since it is rapidly affected by climate change and extensive anthropogenic pressures, including radiological threat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of marine radiological impact after an hypothetical nuclear accident in Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Eleftheriou¹,

Tsabaris²,

Tsiaras³

et al. 2023

HNPS Adv Nucl Phys

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The consequences after an hypothetical nuclear accident at the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant in the region of Eastern Mediterranean Sea are presented. The dispersion of the radioactive plume in the sea is simulated applying a regional hydrodynamic/Lagrangian drift model and the radioecological impact is estimated after the release of 137Cs, 238Pu and 131I. The doses to marine biota and the human habitants of the affected regions are presented, while the sensitivity analysis of the results revile the most vulnerable features of this marine environment.

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“…In particular, the Chernobyl fallout increased the 137 Cs activity concentrations in the Baltic Sea (Zaborska et al, 2014), resulting in it being the most radioactive, contaminated area, with 4.5 PBq of the total inventory (CEC, 1990). The Black Sea also received the Chernobyl 137 Cs fallout in 1986 (Bezhenar et al, 2019;Egorov et al, 1999), and the inventory was estimated to be 2-3 PBq (Egorov et al, 1999). The 137 Cs released into the Black Sea flowed into the Mediterranean Sea (Bezhenar et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the transport of surface seawater from 1956 to 2021 using ¹³⁷Cs deposited in the global ocean as a chemical tracer

Inomata,

Aoyama

2023

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. We analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in the 137Cs activity concentrations in global ocean surface seawater from 1956 to 2021 using the HAMGlobal2021 (Historical Artificial radioactivity database in Marine environment, Global integrated version 2021) and other published data. The global ocean was divided into 37 boxes. When observing the 0.5-year median value of 137Cs in each box in the Pacific Ocean, we noticed that the values gradually increased or had almost constant levels in the 1950s and 1960s, and then decreased exponentially in 1970–2010, immediately before the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Station (F1NPS) accident. In the northern North Atlantic Ocean and its marginal sea, the 0.5-year median values of 137Cs showed large variations in the directly discharged 137Cs from the reprocessing plants. The 137Cs inventory in the surface mixed layer in 1970, when 137Cs was released into the surface seawater, was estimated to be 184±26 PBq. In 1975 and 1980, the 137Cs inventory increased to 201±27 and 214±11 PBq, respectively, due to direct discharge from the Sellafield and La Hague nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. In 2011, the 137Cs inventory in the global ocean mixed layer increased to 50.7±7.3 PBq compared to that before the F1NPS accident, in which the contribution from the accident was estimated to be approximately 15.5±3.9 PBq. Mass balance analysis indicates that 137Cs deposited by the global fallout in the western North Pacific Ocean moved to the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Subsequently, 137Cs was transported southwards, followed by westward transport in the subtropical and equatorial Pacific Ocean, and then inflowed into the Indian Ocean via the Indonesian Archipelago. The longer apparent half-residence times in the Indonesian Archipelago (36.7 years from 1973 to 1997) and central Atlantic Ocean (38.0 years from 1992 to 2016) also support the interpretation of the global-scale transport of 137Cs from the western North Pacific Ocean to the Indian (20–30 years) and Atlantic oceans (30–40 years). In the northern North Atlantic Ocean and its marginal sea, 137Cs discharged from nuclear reprocessing plants is transported to the North Sea, Barents Sea and coast of Norway, and Arctic Ocean on a decadal scale. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.34355/CRiED.U.Tsukuba.00085 (Aoyama, 2021), https://doi.org/10.34355/Ki-net.KANAZAWA-U.00149 (Inomata and Aoyama, 2022a), https://doi.org/10.34355/Ki-net.KANAZAWA-U.00150 (Inomata and Aoyama, 2022b), and https://doi.org/10.34355/Ki-net.KANAZAWA-U.00151 (Inomata and Aoyama, 2022c).

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Transport and fate of 137Cs in the Mediterranean and Black Seas system during 1945–2020 period: A modelling study

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Transport and Fate of 137Cs Released From Multiple Sources in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

Transport and Fate of 137Cs Released From Multiple Sources in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

Assessment of marine radiological impact after an hypothetical nuclear accident in Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Evaluating the transport of surface seawater from 1956 to 2021 using ¹³⁷Cs deposited in the global ocean as a chemical tracer

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Transport and fate of 137Cs in the Mediterranean and Black Seas system during 1945–2020 period: A modelling study

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Transport and Fate of 137Cs Released From Multiple Sources in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

Transport and Fate of 137Cs Released From Multiple Sources in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

Assessment of marine radiological impact after an hypothetical nuclear accident in Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Evaluating the transport of surface seawater from 1956 to 2021 using 137Cs deposited in the global ocean as a chemical tracer

Contact Info

Product

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Evaluating the transport of surface seawater from 1956 to 2021 using ¹³⁷Cs deposited in the global ocean as a chemical tracer