Transport and equilibrium properties of some oxide insertion compounds

Dickens, P.G.; Reynolds, G.J.

doi:10.1016/0167-2738(81)90260-5

Cited by 91 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A second observation from figure 1 is that two of the data points for A-Mn0 2 , although from different research groups [5,6], are in excellent agreement with each other. However, there is a significant difference in D (about a factor of 25 to 30) between these data and the third data point (from Guyomard and Tarascon [4]).…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

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Predicted Discharge Rate for gamma/beta-MnO2 versus lambda-MnO2

Wolfenstine¹

2000

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supporting

confidence: 63%

“…The figure includes, for A-Mn0 2 , a data point at 3 x 10" n cm 2 /s (which was measured for LiMn 2 0 4 [5]) and one at 4 x 10~n cm 2 /s (measured for Li 04 MnO 4 [6]). These two points are plotted for A-Mn0 2 because Li T Mn 2 0 4 has the same structure as A-Mn0 2 [7,8], and Guyomard and Tarascon [4] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted Discharge Rate for gamma/beta-MnO2 versus lambda-MnO2

Wolfenstine¹

2000

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“…This potential value is outside the scanned range because the stability threshold of ITO is approximate 1.7 V/Li. It is also well known that crystalline V205 exhibits in cyclic voltammetry three well-defined peaks corresponding to three different phases (17). In the V205 voltammogram of Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromic Window with Lithium Conductive Polymer Electrolyte

Baudry

Aegerter

Deroo

et al. 1991

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An electrochromic window was built using WO3 as electrochromic material and V20~ as counterelectrode. Both were deposited onto ITO-coated glass panes by vacuum evaporation and were amorphous to x-ray diffraction. The electrolyte was a lithium-conducting polymer consisting of a poly(ethylene oxide)-lithium salt complex. The electrochemical characterization of electrodes was realized by cyclic voltammetry, coulometric titration, and impedance spectroscopy, which allowed the determination of the chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium into WO3 and V2Q. Potentiostatic cycling of the complete transmissive cell yields to a transmission variation from 41 to 13% at 633 nm with a response time of 10s at room temperature.Over the last two decades, much work has been dedicated to the study of electrochromism for its possible application in electro-optical devices (1, 2). However, some major problems such as slow switching time or layer corrosion have been encountered. Nevertheless, the realization of energy-efficient windows emerged a few years ago as a new interesting application in that field (3,4). In this latter kind of device, a response time of approximately 1 rain, easily attainable, is sufficient, and the memory effect provided by the electrochemical reaction is of great interest.Many insertion materials, e.g., metal transition oxides, exhibit electrochromic properties when deposited in thin films. Their optical properties are modified by electrochemical insertion of alkali cations or protons. The corresponding reaction can be written as yA + + ye-+ MO= --~ AyMO=Tungsten trioxide has been the most investigated electrochromic material (5, 6) and without any doubt is one of the most promising with respect to its electrochromic properties. Both proton and lithium insertion are possible. Although the chemical diffusion coefficient ofH § in WO3 is higher than that of Li § (7), it seems easier to realize a complete transmissive electrochromic device with lithium conductors than with protonic ones, as hydrogen gassing and layer corrosion in acid media are potential drawbacks in the protic system.Polymer electrolytes have been widely studied during the last ten years for high energy secondary solid-state batteries (8, 9). Their use in electrochromic devices is suitable since they can be fabricated as thin elastOmeric films, and do not present problems of leakage encountered with liquid electrolytes. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) complexes exhibit conductivities higher than 10 -5 ~-' cm -1 with both lithium and proton conduction (10, 11), giving rise to a fast switching time.Whereas the electrochromic material and a solid electrolyte are available, a suitable transparent counterelectrode is still to be found. Two different types of counterelectrode can be considered. It may be transparent in both oxidized and reduced states, but a "rocking chair" counterelectrode occurring at the same time as the electrochromic electrode may also be envisaged. In this case, the counterelectrode will color anodically if WO3 is used as ...

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“…For nanoarray-based electrodes, it is expected that the open pore geometry enables very direct and unhindered Li + -ion diffusion pathways within the electrode. Furthermore, the Li + -ion diffusion coefficient is several orders of magnitude higher in the electrolyte (~10 −6 cm 2 s −1 for LP30) [47,48] than in LTO (~10 −12 -10 −14 cm 2 s −1 ) [49][50][51] or LMO (~10 −12 -10 −14 cm 2 s −1 ) [52,53]. However, Li + -ion diffusion lengths are several orders of magnitude longer in the electrolyte (up to 175 µm) than in the particles (10-50 nm), which eventually leads to similar time scales for both diffusion processes.…”

Section: Structure Property Relationship In Lto-vacnt Nanoarraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Networks for Energy Storage: Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (VACNT) as Current Collectors for High-Power Li4Ti5O12(LTO)//LiMn2O4(LMO) Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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Abstract:As a concept for electrode architecture in high power lithium ion batteries, self-supported nanoarrays enable ultra-high power densities as a result of their open pore geometry, which results in short and direct Li + -ion and electron pathways. Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) on metallic current collectors with low interface resistance are used as current collectors for the chemical solution infiltration of electroactive oxides to produce vertically aligned carbon nanotubes decorated with in situ grown LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) nanoparticles. The production processes steps (catalyst coating, VACNT chemical vapor deposition (CVD), infiltration, and thermal transformation) are all scalable, continuous, and suitable for niche market production to achieve high oxide loadings up to 70 wt %. Due to their unique transport structure, as-prepared nanoarrays achieve remarkably high power densities up to 2.58 kW kg −1 , which is based on the total electrode mass at 80 C for LiMn 2 O 4 //Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 full cells. The tailoring of LTO and LMO nanoparticle size (~20-100 nm) and VACNT length (array height: 60-200 µm) gives insights into the rate-limiting steps at high current for these kinds of nanoarray electrodes at very high C-rates of up to 200 C. The results reveal the critical structural parameters for achieving high power densities in VACNT nanoarray full cells.

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Transport and equilibrium properties of some oxide insertion compounds

Cited by 91 publications

References 14 publications

Predicted Discharge Rate for gamma/beta-MnO2 versus lambda-MnO2

Predicted Discharge Rate for gamma/beta-MnO2 versus lambda-MnO2

Electrochromic Window with Lithium Conductive Polymer Electrolyte

Nanostructured Networks for Energy Storage: Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (VACNT) as Current Collectors for High-Power Li4Ti5O12(LTO)//LiMn2O4(LMO) Lithium-Ion Batteries

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