Transport and distribution of primary and secondary nonmethane volatile organic compounds in east Asia under continental outflow conditions

Phadnis, Mahesh J.; Carmichael, Gregory R.

doi:10.1029/1999jd901098

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…While in the rural regions of China, biofuel combustion was its major source. It was estimated that 50% of ethane and ethene in China were from biofuel combustion emission [ Phadnis and Carmichael , 2000]. In another study, 45% of ethyne and ethane, and 50% of ethene were attributed to biofuel combustion in East Asia [ Streets et al , 2003].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and sources of non‐methane hydrocarbons in background atmospheres of eastern, southwestern, and southern China

Jian¹,

Chan²,

Chang³

et al. 2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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Non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) play very important roles in atmospheric chemistry, yet little is known about their abundance in the atmosphere of China, especially in the background atmospheres. Measurements of C2‐C10 NMHCs were concurrently carried out at two remote background sites and one rural background site in April and May 2004 in this study: Tengchong Mountain (TM) in Yunnan province on the border of southwestern China; Jianfeng Mountain (JM) on the southwest coast of Hainan Island, southern China; and Lin'an (LA) in Zhejiang province in eastern China. Additional samples were collected at an urban site, Tengyue Town (TT, about 10 km from TM), to obtain local urban NMHC profiles. NMHC levels in these background sites were compared with other rural and remote sites in Asia and other global background stations. In the urban site of TT, local biofuel combustion was the major contributor to the high levels of ethene, ethyne, and ethane. In LA, the major sources of NMHCs were the emissions from fossil fuel and biofuel combustion and from industrial solvent use. Compared with another study conducted in 2001, toluene levels had increased by 75% in 2004 in this study, whereas the levels of other anthropogenic hydrocarbons remained at the same levels. Local industrial emissions and transports from the Yangtze River Delta were the major sources of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in LA. While in TM, the major sources were regional biofuel combustions and biomass burning emissions from Southeast Asia. Long‐range transport of air masses from Southeast Asia was the major source of NMHCs in JM in spring. JM showed the lowest levels of most hydrocarbons among the three background sites. Several hydrocarbon molar ratios, such as benzene/toluene and ethane/propane, were used to characterize the signatures of air masses from different regions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and sources of non‐methane hydrocarbons in background atmospheres of eastern, southwestern, and southern China

Jian¹,

Chan²,

Chang³

et al. 2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…There is considerable interest in the transport of pollutants from Asia to the Pacific Ocean and North America, and a number of papers have discussed the transport of pollutants to Japan and the western Pacific Ocean [ Gregory et al , 1997; Talbot et al , 1997; Xiao et al , 1997; Pochanart et al , 1999; Phadnis and Carmichael , 2000; Bey et al , 2001]. As emissions increase in Asia, it is expected that pollution levels in North America will also increase due to long‐range transport [ Jacob et al , 1999; Jaffe , 1999; Yienger et al , 2000; Kotchenruther et al , 2001; Wilkening , 2001].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale ozone and aerosol distributions, air mass characteristics, and ozone fluxes over the western Pacific Ocean in late winter/early spring

et al. 2003

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[1] Large-scale measurements of ozone (O 3 ) and aerosol distributions were made from the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) field experiment conducted in February-April 2001. Remote measurements were made with an airborne lidar to provide O 3 and multiple-wavelength aerosol backscatter profiles from near the surface to above the tropopause along the flight track. In situ measurements of O 3 , aerosols, and a wide range of trace gases were made onboard the DC-8. Five-day backward trajectories were used in conjunction with the O 3 and aerosol distributions on each flight to indicate the possible origin of observed air masses, such as from biomass burning regions, continental pollution, desert regions, and oceanic regions. Average latitudinal O 3 and aerosol scattering ratio distributions were derived from all flights west of 150°E, and these distributions showed the average latitude and altitude dependence of different dynamical and chemical processes in determining the atmospheric composition over the western Pacific. TRACE-P (TP) showed an increase in the average latitudinal distributions of both O 3 and aerosols compared to PEM-West B (PWB), which was conducted in February-March 1994. O 3 , aerosol, and potential vorticity levels were used to identify nine air mass types and quantify their frequency of occurrence as a function of altitude. This paper discusses the characteristics of the different air mass types encountered during TP and compares them to PWB. These results confirmed that most of the O 3 increase in TP was due to photochemistry. The average latitudinal eastward O 3 flux in the western Pacific during TP was found to peak near 32°N with a total average O 3 flux between 14 and 46°N of 5.2 Tg/day. The eastward total CO flux was calculated to be 2.2 Tg-C/day with $6% estimated from Asia. The Asian flux of CO 2 and CH 4 was estimated at 4.9 and 0.06 Tg-C/day.

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“…Previous modeling studies of the inter-continental transport of ozone and its precursors have mainly considered transport between two geographical regions, such as the influence of Asian emissions on air quality in North America Yienger et al, 2000;Hudman et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2008), North America and Europe (Li et al, 2002), and Europe and Asia (Wild et al, 2004). Other studies have addressed the pathways for the export of pollution from or import to populated regions of interest (Stohl, 2004), including the export from the USA (Liang et al, 1998), Europe (Duncan and Bey, 2004;Duncan et al, 2008), and Asia (Newell and Evans, 2000;Phadnis and Carmichael, 2000;Mauzerall et al, 2000;Heald et al, 2003;Liu et al, 2003;Liu et al, 2005), and the import of pollution to Europe (Stohl and Trickl, 1999;Trickl et al, 2003;Stohl et al, 2003;Derwent et al, 2004Derwent et al, , 2008, the US Lin et al, 2008), and Asia Kunhikrishnan et al, 2006;Holloway et al, 2008).…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of regional precursor emission controls on long-range ozone transport – Part 1: Short-term changes in ozone air quality

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Observations and models demonstrate that ozone and its precursors can be transported between continents and across oceans. We model the influences of 10% reductions in anthropogenic nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from each of nine world regions on surface ozone air quality in that region and all other regions. In doing so, we quantify the relative importance of long-range transport between all source-receptor pairs, for direct short-term ozone changes. We find that for population-weighted concentrations during the three-month "ozone-season", the strongest inter-regional influences are from Europe to the Former Soviet Union, East Asia to Southeast Asia, and Europe to Africa. The largest influences per unit of NOx reduced, however, are seen for source regions in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere, which we attribute mainly to greater sensitivity to changes in NOx in the lower troposphere, and secondarily to increased vertical convection to the free troposphere in tropical regions, allowing pollutants to be transported further. Results show, for example, that NOx reductions in North America are ~20% as effective per unit NOx in reducing ozone in Europe during summer, as NOx reductions from Europe itself. Reducing anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) by 10% in selected regions, can have as large an impact on long-range ozone transport as NOx reductions, depending on the source region. We find that for many source-receptor pairs, the season of greatest long-range influence does not coincide with the season when ozone is highest in the receptor region. Reducing NOx emissions in most source regions causes a larger decrease in export of ozone from the source region than in ozone production outside of the source region.

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Transport and distribution of primary and secondary nonmethane volatile organic compounds in east Asia under continental outflow conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

Characteristics and sources of non‐methane hydrocarbons in background atmospheres of eastern, southwestern, and southern China

Characteristics and sources of non‐methane hydrocarbons in background atmospheres of eastern, southwestern, and southern China

Large‐scale ozone and aerosol distributions, air mass characteristics, and ozone fluxes over the western Pacific Ocean in late winter/early spring

Effect of regional precursor emission controls on long-range ozone transport – Part 1: Short-term changes in ozone air quality

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