Transport and distribution of artificial gamma-emitting radionuclides in the River Yenisei and its sediment

Semizhon, Tatiana; Röllin, Stefan; Spasova, Y.; Klemt, E.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.02.012

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Concentration of 238 U in sediment samples was determined by neutron activation analysis. Binding of artificial radionuclides to sediment samples was examined using sequential extraction technique proposed by Tessier [8] and modified by Klemt and his colleagues [5,6].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest level of 243,244 Cm isotopes registered in the sediment of the Yenisei River is 21 Bq/kg dry mass [4], which is more than twice higher than maximum curium levels reported for soils sampled not far from the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant. The presence of sediment layers containing abnormally high actinide levels [2,[4][5][6][7] can be indicative both of mobile behavior of transuranium radionuclides in the river ecosystem and of continued disposals of artificial radionuclides by the MCC. In layers of sediment cores collected at a position upstream of the MCC, the level of 137 Cs (up to 16 Bq/kg dry mass) can be accepted as the background value of radioactive contamination of sediments in this section of the Yenisei, due to global fallouts of 137 Cs.…”

Section: Levels Of Artificial Radionuclides In Sediments Of Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MCC has been in operation for many years, contaminating the Yenisei River basin with radionuclides [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Previously levels of artificial radionuclides were mostly measured in samples of the floodplain soils; just several measurements have been done in sediments [2,[4][5][6][7]. To study the migration of artificial radionuclides and their bioavailability it is necessary to have information on the physicochemical forms of radionuclides in sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radionuclide speciation in sediments of the Yenisei River

Bolsunovsky

2011

Radioprotection

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Abstract. The examination of sediment samples collected from the Yenisei River revealed the presence of artificial radionuclides characteristic of radioactive discharges from the MCC facility: isotopes of europium ( 152 Eu, 154 Eu, and 155 Eu), cesium ( 137 Cs and 134 Cs), 60 Co, 90 Sr, and transuranium elements. Radionuclide concentrations in sediment layers remained high as far as 240 km downstream of the MCC. The vertical distribution of radionuclides in sediment cores was very complex, and down-core variations were due to different amounts of radionuclides released by the MCC and due to variations in the hydrologic conditions in the river. Sequential extraction performed on samples of the upper layers of the sediment core showed different degrees of potential environmental availability of artificial radionuclides: the amounts of extracted 90 Sr, 152 Eu and 241 Am were the largest (60-80% of initial activity), then followed 60 Co (30%), 238,239,240 Pu (15-30%), and, last, 137 Cs (5-15%). The distribution of 238 U among chemical fractions of sediments was similar to that of 60 Co and 238,239,240 Pu: 30-40% of 238 U initial activity was extracted. In a few samples, 241 Am was present in the unextractable form, which may be accounted for by the presence of microparticles of the reactor fuel.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Levels Of Artificial Radionuclides In Sediments Of Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radionuclide speciation in sediments of the Yenisei River

Bolsunovsky

2011

Radioprotection

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“…The radiochemical plant and other MCC facilities are still operating. Several scientific expeditions revealed that the Yenisei River floodplain is contaminated with artificial radionuclides, including plutonium isotopes, within 2000 km downstream of the MCC Klemt et al, 2002;Bolsunovsky & Bondareva, 2007;Bolsunovsky, 2010Bolsunovsky, , 2011Bolsunovsky & Dementyev, 2010;Semizhon et al, 2010). Since 1995, researchers of the Institute of Biophysics (Krasnoyarsk) and the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy (Novosibirsk) have found radioactive particles in floodplain soils and sediments during their sampling campaigns at the Yenisei (Bolsunovsky & Tcherkezian, 2001;Bolsunovsky, 2009;Chuguevskii et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Sediments and Radioactive Particles of the Yenisei River Using a Variety of Analytical Methods

Bolsunovsky¹,

Melgunov²

2014

GEP

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The Yenisei River, one of the largest rivers in the world, is contaminated with artificial radionuclides released by a Russian nuclear facility producing weapon-grade plutonium, which has been in operation for many years. Examination of Yenisei River sediment samples revealed the presence of artificial radionuclides typical of radioactive discharge from the Mining-and-ChemicalCombine (MCC) nuclear facility: isotopes of europium ( 152 Eu, 154 Eu, and 155 Eu), cesium ( 137 Cs and 134 Cs), 60 Co, 90 Sr, and transuranium elements. The MCC is also a source of radioactive particles in the Yenisei. New data on radionuclide concentrations in sediments and radioactive particles in the Yenisei River were obtained using a wide range of analytical methods. Sequential extraction performed on samples of sediment cores showed different degrees of potential environmental availability of artificial radionuclides and uranium. In a few samples, 241 Am was present in the unextractable form, which may be accounted for by the presence of microparticles of the reactor fuel. These microparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, and their reactor origin was confirmed.

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“…The role played by the colloidal phase is intensely investigated not only for groundwater, but also for terrestrial surface water, namely for streams and lakes (Aleksandrova et al, 2010;Bondareva, 2011;Matsunaga et al, 2004;Monte, 2010;Monte et al, 2009;Ollivier et al, 2011;Semizhon et al, 2010), for estuarine water (Barros et al, 2004;Eyrolle & Charmasson, 2004;Porcelli et al, 1997), for sea water (Bowie et al, 2010;Otosaka et al, 2006;Scholten et al, 2005) or for soil water Maity et al, 2011;Matisoff et al, 2011;Rachkova et al, 2010;Seliman et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2011). The colloid-radionuclide interaction is important not only from the perspective of their migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Phases Possibly Conveyed from Nuclear Waste Repositories by Groundwater

Marin¹

2012

Radioactive Waste

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Transport and distribution of artificial gamma-emitting radionuclides in the River Yenisei and its sediment

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Radionuclide speciation in sediments of the Yenisei River

Radionuclide speciation in sediments of the Yenisei River

A Study of Sediments and Radioactive Particles of the Yenisei River Using a Variety of Analytical Methods

Particulate Phases Possibly Conveyed from Nuclear Waste Repositories by Groundwater

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