Transport and bottom accumulation of fine river sediments under typhoon  conditions and associated submarine landslides: case study of the Peinan  River, Taiwan

Osadchiev, Alexander; Korotenko, Konstantin A.; Zavialov, Peter; Chiang, Wen-Son; Liu, Chen‐Wuing

doi:10.5194/nhess-16-41-2016

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The considered upwelling events can also strongly influence primary productivity and local food webs. Upwelling causes upward penetration of nutrient-rich sea water [35,[43][44][45][46][47]106], which is especially important for nutrient-poor areas at the shelf of the Laptev and East-Siberian seas where vertical convection is inhibited by strong stratification formed by large continental runoff. In particular, elevated concentrations of nitrates and increased biological productivity were reported in the vicinity of the upwelling area located near the Lena Delta shortly after an upwelling event [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turbid regions associated with river plumes are adjacent to river estuaries and deltas. Spatial and temporal variability of these regions is defined mainly by river discharge rate, turbidity of river water, and local wind forcing [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Coastal erosion in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas is extremely intense due to active thermal abrasion.…”

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Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling near Large River Deltas in the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas

2020

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The Lena, Kolyma, and Indigirka rivers are among the largest rivers that inflow to the Arctic Ocean. Their discharges form a freshened surface water mass over a wide area in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas and govern many local physical, geochemical, and biological processes. In this study we report coastal upwelling events that are regularly manifested on satellite imagery by increased sea surface turbidity and decreased sea surface temperature at certain areas adjacent to the Lena Delta in the Laptev Sea and the Kolyma and Indigirka deltas in the East-Siberian Sea. These events are formed under strong easterly and southeasterly wind forcing and are estimated to occur during up to 10%-30% of ice-free periods at the study region. Coastal upwelling events induce intense mixing of the Lena, Kolyma, and Indigirka plumes with subjacent saline sea. These plumes are significantly transformed and diluted while spreading over the upwelling areas; therefore, their salinity and depths abruptly increase, while stratification abruptly decreases in the vicinity of their sources. This feature strongly affects the structure of the freshened surface layer during ice-free periods and, therefore, influences circulation, ice formation, and many other processes at the Laptev and East-Siberian seas.Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 844 2 of 25 seas and are among the largest freshwater reservoirs in the Arctic Ocean [17][18][19][20]. Spreading and transformation of these river plumes determine vertical stratification and, therefore, strongly affect circulation and ice formation in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas, as well as many other physical, geochemical, and biological processes [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].In this study we focus on upwelling events which regularly occur at coastal areas adjacent to the deltas of the Lena, Kolyma, and Indigirka rivers. Surface manifestations of these upwelling events are visible on ocean color satellite imagery due to elevated turbidity and on sea surface temperature (SST) satellite imagery due to reduced temperature. However, correct identification of the origin of SST and turbidity features observed on satellite imagery is not a straightforward task. SST features in the study region are formed as a result of interaction between water masses with different temperature, namely, warm river plumes and cold saline sea water, and are associated with spreading of river plumes, mixing of surface layer with subjacent sea, and ice melting. Areas of elevated sea surface turbidity in coastal and shelf regions are commonly associated with four different processes: spreading of turbid river plumes, coastal erosion, resuspension of bottom sediments penetrated to sea surface, and algal blooms [33]. The first three processes are common features of the Laptev and East-Siberian seas [25,27,34,35], while algal blooms do not occur in these seas [32,[36][37][38]. Turbid regions associated with river plumes are adjacent to river estuaries and deltas. Spatial and temporal variability of these regions is def...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling near Large River Deltas in the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas

2020

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“…After the sediment particle settles beneath the plume, its movement is governed by ambient coastal circulation, reproduced by the INMOM model. The similar con-figuration of coupled Eulerian (Princeton Ocean Model) and Lagrangian (STRiPE) models was recently used for simulation of the delivery and fate of fluvial water and terrigenous sediments discharged by the Peinan River at the southeastern coast of the island of Taiwan under freshet and typhoon discharge conditions (Osadchiev et al, 2016) and for studying the dynamical features of the Zhuoshui and Wu river plumes located on the western coast of Taiwan (Korotenko et al, 2014). (Volodin et al, 2010) as well as for modeling the Arctic Ocean (Johnson et al, 2012) in the framework of the Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project, and the South Ocean Farneti et al, 2015) and North Atlantic Ocean (Danabasoglu et al, 2016) in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the sediment particle settles beneath the plume, its movement is governed by ambient coastal circulation, reproduced by the INMOM model. The detailed description of the sediment transport model is given in Osadchiev et al (2016). TSM concentrations of river water were prescribed according to the data described in Sect.…”

Section: Sediment Transport Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small river plumes off the northeastern coast of the Black Sea under average climatic and flooding discharge conditions

Osadchiev

Korshenko

2017

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. This study focuses on the impact of discharges of small rivers on the delivery and fate of fluvial water and suspended matter at the northeastern part of the Black Sea under different local precipitation conditions. Several dozens of mountainous rivers flow into the sea at the study region, and most of them, except for several of the largest, have little annual runoff and affect adjacent coastal waters to a limited extent under average climatic conditions. However, the discharges of these small rivers are characterized by a quick response to precipitation events and can significantly increase during and shortly after heavy rains, which are frequent in the considered area. The delivery and fate of fluvial water and terrigenous sediments at the study region, under average climatic and rain-induced flooding conditions, were explored and compared using in situ data, satellite imagery, and numerical modeling. It was shown that the point-source spread of continental discharge dominated by several large rivers under average climatic conditions can change to the linesource discharge from numerous small rivers situated along the coast in response to heavy rains. The intense line-source runoff of water and suspended sediments forms a geostrophic alongshore current of turbid and freshened water, which induces the intense transport of suspended and dissolved constituents discharged with river waters in a northwestern direction. This process significantly influences water quality and causes active sediment load at large segments of the narrow shelf at the northeastern part of the Black Sea compared to average climatic discharge conditions.

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“…We developed a Lagrangian model called Surface-Trapped River Plume Evolution (STRiPE) for simulating the spreading of small river plumes and the associated transport of river-borne suspended sediments [45,48]. STRiPE represents a river plume as a set of Lagrangian parcels or homogeneous water columns extending from the surface down to the boundary between the plume and the subjacent sea, while their horizontal sizes are presumed to be relatively small.…”

Section: Lagrangian Modeling Of Small River Plumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Dynamics of Plumes Generated by Small Rivers

Osadchiev¹,

Zavialov²

2020

Estuaries and Coastal Zones - Dynamics and Response to Environmental Changes

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The total share of small rivers in the influxes of fluvial water and suspended matter to the world ocean is estimated at between 25 and 40%. On a regional scale, this contribution can be even more significant for many coastal regions. In this chapter, we show that dynamics of small river plumes is significantly different from that of plumes generated by large rivers. Spatial structure of small plumes is generally characterized by sharper horizontal and vertical gradients. As a result, small plumes exhibit more energetic temporal variability in response to external forcing. In this chapter, we address several dynamical features typical for small plumes. We describe and discuss the response of small plumes to wind forcing and river discharge variability, the interaction between neighboring small plumes, and the generation of high-frequency internal waves in coastal ocean by small rivers. We also substantiate the Lagrangian approach to numerical modeling of small river plumes.

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Transport and bottom accumulation of fine river sediments under typhoon conditions and associated submarine landslides: case study of the Peinan River, Taiwan

Cited by 25 publications

References 53 publications

Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling near Large River Deltas in the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas

Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling near Large River Deltas in the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas

Small river plumes off the northeastern coast of the Black Sea under average climatic and flooding discharge conditions

Structure and Dynamics of Plumes Generated by Small Rivers

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