Abstract:2
AbstractPurpose of the study: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of genetic disorders and a slow loss of vision is caused due to a cascade of retinal degenerative events. We examined whether these retinal degenerative events were relieved after the mixtures of cultured adult olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and olfactory nerve fibroblasts (ONFs) were transplanted into the subretinal space of one month old RCS rat, a classic model of RP.
“…Full-field ERGs were recorded after overnight dark adaptation as our previous protocol [39]. In brief, rats were anesthetized and the pupils were dilated with Compound Tropicamide Eye Drops.…”
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation is a particularly promising treatment of retinal degenerative diseases affecting RPE-photoreceptor complex. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide an abundant donor source for RPE transplantation. Herein, we studied the time-course characteristics of RPE cells derived from three-dimensional human ESCs cultures (3D-RPE). We showed that 3D-RPE cells possessed morphology, ultrastructure, gene expression profile, and functions of authentic RPE. As differentiation proceeded, 3D-RPE cells could mature gradually with decreasing proliferation but increasing functions. Besides, 3D-RPE cells could form polarized monolayer with functional tight junction and gap junction. When grafted into the subretinal space of Royal College of Surgeons rats, 3D-RPE cells were safe and efficient to rescue retinal degeneration. This study showed that 3D-RPE cells were a new donor for cell therapy of retinal degenerative diseases.
“…Full-field ERGs were recorded after overnight dark adaptation as our previous protocol [39]. In brief, rats were anesthetized and the pupils were dilated with Compound Tropicamide Eye Drops.…”
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation is a particularly promising treatment of retinal degenerative diseases affecting RPE-photoreceptor complex. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide an abundant donor source for RPE transplantation. Herein, we studied the time-course characteristics of RPE cells derived from three-dimensional human ESCs cultures (3D-RPE). We showed that 3D-RPE cells possessed morphology, ultrastructure, gene expression profile, and functions of authentic RPE. As differentiation proceeded, 3D-RPE cells could mature gradually with decreasing proliferation but increasing functions. Besides, 3D-RPE cells could form polarized monolayer with functional tight junction and gap junction. When grafted into the subretinal space of Royal College of Surgeons rats, 3D-RPE cells were safe and efficient to rescue retinal degeneration. This study showed that 3D-RPE cells were a new donor for cell therapy of retinal degenerative diseases.
“…In general, potential cells for retinal transplantation should have the following features: the ability to be easily cultured in vitro , the ability to migrate, the ability to differentiate into typical retinal cells and the ability to integrate into the retina 16 . According to this principle, the types of potential cells could be embryonic stem cells, human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs), neural stem cells, human retinal progenitor cells (HRPCs), olfactory unsheathing cells, Müller cells and adult photoreceptor or retina pigment cells 17–22 . All of these cells, which come from blastocysts, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adult forebrain or hippocampus, embryonic or neonatal retina, olfactory bulb and adult retina, have been used in transplanting potential cells into the subretinal space (SRS) 16 .…”
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is one of hereditary retinal diseases characterized by the loss of photoreceptors. Cell transplantation has been clinically applied to treat RP patients. Human retinal progenitor cells (HRPCs) and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) are the two commonly and practically used stem cells for transplantation. Since combined transplantation could be a promising way to integrate the advantages of both stem cell types, we transplanted HRPCs and HBMSCs into the subretinal space (SRS) of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats. We report that HRPCs/HBMSCs combined transplantation maintains the electroretinogram results much better than HRPCs or HBMSCs single transplantations. The thickness of outer nuclear layer also presented a better outcome in the combined transplantation. Importantly, grafted cells in the combination migrated better, both longitudinally and latitudinally, than single transplantation. The photoreceptor differentiation of grafted cells in the retina of RCS rats receiving combined transplantation also showed a higher ratio than single transplantation. Finally, activation of microglia and the gliosis of Müller cells were more effectively suppressed in combined transplantation, indicating better immunomodulatory and anti-gliosis effects. Taken together, combining the transplantation of HRPCs and HBMSCs is a more effective strategy in stem cell-based therapy for retinal degenerative diseases.
“…Researchers have found that the transplanted cells can be used as a substitute for degenerated cells or they can release some growth factors to enhance cell survival, growth and function of retinal cells. Transplanted cells types are: retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) [1], schwann cells [18], central nervous system stem cells [19], olfactory ensheathing cells [20], retinal stem cells [21], hematopoietic stem cells [22] and embryonic stem cells [23]. However, the clinical use of these cells have several problems, such as: limited availability of pluripotent retinal stem cells [24], and rejection by the host immune system in either allogeneic or xenogenic host species recipients [25], thus researchers prefer BMSCs for transplantation therapy.…”
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal disorders characterized by progressive loss of photoreceptors and eventually leads to retina degeneration and atrophy. Until now, the exact pathogenesis and etiology of this disease has not been clear, and many approaches for RP therapies have been carried out in animals and in clinical trials. In recent years, stem cell transplantation-based attempts made some progress, especially the transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This review will provide an overview of stem cell-based treatment of RP and its main problems, to provide evidence for the safety and feasibility for further clinical treatment.
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