Transplantation of the Cockroach Circadian Pacemaker

Page, Terry L.

doi:10.1126/science.216.4541.73

Cited by 180 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…ay e been confirmed (4)(5)(6) and extended to other * ns ect species (Teleogryllus commodus\ 7, Gryllus bln *aculatus: 8, Carabus problematicus: 9). The re gion within the optic lobes controlling the ac tivity rhythm seems to be the lobula in the case °f cockroaches (1) and the lamina/medulla re §ion in the case of Gryllus (8).…”

Section: 'Productionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In the cockroach Rythmic activity depends on the structural c°n nections between optic lobes: 4-8 wk after implantation new neural connections between optic lobes and midbrain were established and the rhythm restored. The period length was imposed by the donor lobe (6). Regeneration of neural connections restores rhythmicity also in Gryllus (8).…”

Section: 'Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circadian Activity Rhythm of the House Fly Continues after Optic Tract Severance and Lobectomy

Helfrich

Cymborowski

Engelmann

1985

Chronobiology International

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Abstract-Under constant conditions, locomotor activity in about 50% of 63 adult Musca domestica continued to be rhythmic after bilateral severance of optic tracts or bilateral lobectomy. Apparently, the optic lobes of Musca do not contain the oscillator for rhythmic control of locomotor activity as has been proposed for other insects. In 20% of the individuals, several circadian components of activity rhythms were found after operation indicating a role of the optic lobes in the coupling of oscillators. The remaining 30% of the flies with severed optic tracts appeared to be arrhythmic. Most of these flies had vacuolized tissue in the central brain. However, disruption of rhythmicity did not correlate with a common pattern of degeneration. Therefore no conclusions can be drawn as to the localization of the circadian control of locomotor activity in the brain. Flies showing an arrhythmic activity pattern could still be synchronized by LD cycles. Activity did not occur solely during the light period as is the case in controls; but was phase delayed by about 6 hr towards the dark period. Since all flies with severed optic tracts could be synchronized by LD cycles, Musca domestica must possess extraocular photoreceptors.

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Section: 'Productionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: 'Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Activity Rhythm of the House Fly Continues after Optic Tract Severance and Lobectomy

Helfrich

Cymborowski

Engelmann

1985

Chronobiology International

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“…Variability is also well known from other insects, e.g. for Hemideina thoracica (Christensen & Lewis, 1982), Colliphora stygia (Lewis, personal communication) and cockroaches (Page, 1982).…”

Section: Flies With Complex Rhythmicity and Arrhythmic Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythm of the locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster and its mutants ‘sine oculis’ and ‘small optic lobes’

Helfrich

Engelmann

1983

Physiological Entomology

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ABSTRACT. The locomotor activity patterns of wildtype Drosophila melanogaster and the mutants so (sine oculis) and sol (small optic lobes) were investigated. In all strains the proportions showing circadian rhythmicity, arrhythmicity and more complex patterns which could not be thus classified were similar. The occurrence of abnormal activity patterns is thus not a property of the mutation as previously claimed (Mack&Engelmann, 1981). In flies with a distinct circadian rhythmicity, the period lengths (r) varied between strains, r for wildtype Italy and the mutant so was longer than for wildtype Berlin and the mutant sol. As different r's have been reported by others, r does not seem to be closely determined for Drosophila melanogaster. Many flies exhibited two rhythms simultaneously, one with r shorter and one with r longer than 24 h, apparently implying two-oscillator control of the locomotor activity. The eyeless so mutants were entrained by LD cycles, so the compound eyes are not necessary, and so must possess the relevant photoreceptor(s) elsewhere. This may therefore also be true for the wildtype. Histology of the so adults revealed no correlation between the degree of reduction in the medulla and the occurrence of abnormal activity patterns. Since the only structures common to the medulla of so and sol are known to be large tangential cells, it is concluded that either they are of importance for the rhythmic system, or the oscillator(s) controlling locomotor activity is (are) not located in the medulla.

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“…The discovery that the circadian system regulates memory acquisition raises questions about the site of generation of the oscillation as well as the pathway by which the oscillator modulates learning. In cockroaches, one well known circadian clock that regulates spontaneous locomotor activity has been localized to the optic lobes (24,32). Evidence suggests that the optic lobe clock also is involved in the regulation of visual sensitivity of the compound eye (33) and olfactory sensitivity in the antennae (28).…”

Section: Memory Acquisition Vs Memory Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian regulation of insect olfactory learning

Decker

McConnaughey

Page

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Olfactory learning in insects has been used extensively for studies on the neurobiology, genetics, and molecular biology of learning and memory. We show here that the ability of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae to acquire olfactory memories is regulated by the circadian system. We investigated the effect of training and testing at different circadian phases on performance in an odordiscrimination test administered 30 min after training (short-term memory) or 48 h after training (long-term memory). When odor preference was tested by allowing animals to choose between two odors (peppermint and vanilla), untrained cockroaches showed a clear preference for vanilla at all circadian phases, indicating that there was no circadian modulation of initial odor preference or ability to discriminate between odors. After differential conditioning, in which peppermint odor was associated with a positive unconditioned stimulus of sucrose solution and vanilla odor was associated with a negative unconditioned stimulus of saline solution, cockroaches conditioned in the early subjective night showed a strong preference for peppermint and retained the memory for at least 2 days. Animals trained and tested at other circadian phases showed significant deficits in performance for both short-and long-term memory. Performance depended on the circadian time (CT) of training, not the CT of testing, and results indicate that memory acquisition rather than retention or recall is modulated by the circadian system. The data suggest that the circadian system can have profound effects on olfactory learning in insects.biological rhythms ͉ cockroach ͉ differential conditioning ͉ memory I n view of the widespread effects of circadian regulation on behavior and physiology, the possibility that learning and memory processes may be subject to modulation by the circadian system has long been recognized (1). Studies on this problem have suggested that the influence of the circadian system may take several forms. In some instances, the circadian phase may function as a context for learning (time stamping) so that recall and performance are better at 24-h intervals after learning (1-4). In other cases, performance may be modulated by the circadian phase independent of the phase of learning (5), and there have been several recent reports that memory acquisition or consolidation may depend on the circadian phase of training in mollusks (6-8), rodents (9, 10), and humans (11). Finally, there have been reports that disruption of the circadian system by phase shifting (jet lag) can impair memory (12, 13). Although these studies suggest that the circadian system may have widespread effects on various aspects of learning and memory, including acquisition, retention, and recall, there is virtually no information on the mechanisms by which the circadian system regulates these processes.Olfactory learning is an excellent model for exploration of the neural basis of learning and memory because of the remarkable similarity in the organization of olfactory systems acr...

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Transplantation of the Cockroach Circadian Pacemaker

Cited by 180 publications

References 12 publications

Circadian Activity Rhythm of the House Fly Continues after Optic Tract Severance and Lobectomy

Circadian Activity Rhythm of the House Fly Continues after Optic Tract Severance and Lobectomy

Circadian rhythm of the locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster and its mutants ‘sine oculis’ and ‘small optic lobes’

Circadian regulation of insect olfactory learning

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