Transplantation of Stem Cells as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Abstract

: Stem cells are considered to have significant capacity to differentiate into various cell types in humans or animals. Unlike specialized cells, these cells can proliferate several times to produce millions of cells. Nowadays, pluripotent stem cells are important candidates to provide a renewable source for replacement of cells in tissues of interest. The damage to neurons and glial cells in the brain or spinal cord is present in neurological disorders such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, spinal cord injury, lysosomal storage disorder, epilepsy, and glioblastoma. Therefore, stem cell transplantation can be used as novel therapeutic approach in cases of brain and spinal cord damage. Recently, researchers have generated neuron-like cells and glial-like cells from embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells. In addition, several experimental studies have been performed for developing stem cell transplantation in brain tissue. Herein, we focus on stem cell therapy to regenerate injured tissue resulting from neurological diseases and then discuss possible differentiation pathways of stem cells to the renewal of neurons.

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

“…In the therapies of chronic heart failure (CHF) adrenergic and angiotensin signaling pathways are interrupted, while the therapies do not replace the dying myocytes during CHF progression [ 2 ]. Stem cells and some progenitor cells have recently gained much attention in cell therapy regarding the repair of damaged heart tissue [ 3 ]. In regenerative medicine, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and cardiac progenitor cells play a remarkable role in the regeneration of the myocardium [ 4 ].…”

A Novel Huntington's Disease Mouse Model to Assess the Role of Neuroinflammation on Disease Progression and to Develop Human Cell Therapies

“…The novel YACNSG transgenic mouse strain allows for the development of human cell transplantation products in a disease context. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The results from this study suggest that adult human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem (hMSC) cells engineered to express GFP and luciferase are retained longer than the YAC128 and similar to NSG mice. Our data demonstrates that cells are rapidly cleared from the CNS when using the parental YAC128 line without immune suppression as expected.…”

Efficacy and safety of intravenous mesenchymal stem cells for ischemic stroke patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Recent research has suggested that stem cell therapy may hold promise as a potential treatment option for acute and subacute ischemic stroke. Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types and can potentially regenerate damaged tissue, making them a promising therapeutic approach for neurological disorders such as stroke (Ebrahimi et al, 2021).…”