“…However, most recent COG study failed to show an advantage of HSCT over chemotherapy [136], while Interfant-99 study showed that the benefit was restricted to a very high-risk subgroup with 2 additional unfavorable prognostic features: age <6 months and either poor response to steroids or leukocyte count ≥ 300 x 10 9 /L [137]. Similarly, somewhat ambiguous results have been reported from studies that attempt to compare EFS after transplant or chemotherapy for children with hypodiploid ALL [138], poor early responders [99,139], persistent MRD, and high-risk T-cell ALL [140,141]. Overall, there is no absolute indication for HSCT in children with ALL in CR1.…”