Transplacental Transfer of Nitrosodimethylamine in Perfused Human Placenta

Foetal Exposure to Food and Environmental Carcinogens in Human Beings

“…The results from Transwell experiments support this theory for NDMA [25]. The previous work on acrylamide [112,113] and NDMA [114] together with our results [110,111] indicate that human placenta does not protect the foetus from transplacental exposure to NDMA, acrylamide or its more genotoxic metabolite, glycidamide. Our perfusion results show that there are equal levels of acrylamide or NDMA in maternal and foetal circulation, indicating that foetuses can be exposed to these compounds in levels equal to those of their mother.…”

“…In our recent placental perfusion studies, it was found that the genotoxic carcinogens acrylamide, its metabolite glycidamide and NDMA were transferred readily through the human placenta in perfusions lasting 4–6 hr [25,110,111]. The equilibrium in concentrations between the maternal and foetal sides was achieved within 2–3 hr.…”

“…Placental metabolism of food and environmental carcinogens to more toxic metabolites and the ability of metabolites to bind to placental DNA (forming DNA adducts) can be studied using human placental perfusion [111,136,143]. The relationship between DNA adducts and the carcinogenic potency of a compound in experimental animals is well known [144].…”

Chemical exposure as etiology in developmental origin of adult onset human cancer

“…As shown in human placental perfusion, this applies to many known or putative human chemical carcinogens, like NDMA (Annola et al, 2009), benzo( a )pyrene (Mathiesen et al, 2009; Karttunen et al, 2010), acrylamide and glycidamide (Sörgel et al, 2002; Annola et al, 2008), aflatoxin B1 (Partanen et al, 2010), and phthalates (Mose et al, 2007). Indicating biologically significant exposure, benzo( a )pyrene-diol epoxide–DNA adducts (Manchester et al, 1988; Topinka et al, 2009) and aflatoxin B1–DNA adducts (Hsieh and Hsieh, 1993) have been shown in human maternal and cord blood as well as in human placenta.…”

Hazard assessment of nitrosamine and nitramine by-products of amine-based CCS: Alternative approaches

“…NDMA conducted by Annola et al (2009) demonstrated that the human fetus can be exposed to NDMA from the maternal circulation and that NDMA is not metabolized in full-term human placenta from healthy non-smoking, non-drinking mothers. This suggests that NDMA may cause developmental toxicity by direct interaction with the fetus.…”