Transpiration, evapotranspiration and energy fluxes in a temperate wetland dominated by <i>Phalaris arundinacea</i> under hot summer conditions

Rejšková, Alžběta; Čı́žková, Hana; Brom, Jakub; Pokorný, Jan

doi:10.1002/eco.184

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Transpiration occurs mostly from the upper leaf surface (Rudescu, Niculescu & Chivu ), reaching up to 7·8 mmol m −2 s −1 (Rejšková et al . ). Water use efficiency based on photosynthesis output and transpiration varies between 4 and 11 μmol (CO 2 ) m −2 s −1 mmol −1 (H 2 O) m −2 s −1 depending on temperature and nutrient supply (Mykleby et al .…”

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Phragmites australis

et al. 2017

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Summary1. This account presents comprehensive information on the biology of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (P. communis Trin.; common reed) that is relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors and to the abiotic environment, plant structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and diseases, as well as history including invasive spread in other regions, and conservation. 2. Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan species native to the British flora and widespread in lowland habitats throughout, from the Shetland archipelago to southern England. It is widespread throughout Ireland and is native in the Channel Islands. Native populations occur naturally in temperate zones and on every continent except Antarctica. Some populations in Australia and North America have been introduced from elsewhere and have become naturalized, and in North America, some of these are known to be invasive where they compete with native local populations of P. australis. Typical habitats in Britain range from shallow still water along waterbody edges to marshlands, saltmarshes and drier habitat on slopes up to 470 m above sea level. Additional habitats outside Britain are springs in arid areas, riverine lowlands (À5 m above sea level) and groundwater seepage points up to 3600 m above sea level. Although it occurs on a wide range of substrates and can tolerate pH from 2Á5 to 9Á8, in Britain it prefers pH >4Á5 and elsewhere it thrives in mildly acidic to mildly basic conditions (pH 5Á5-7Á5). The species plays a pivotal role in the successional transition from open water to woodland. 3. Phragmites australis is a tall, helophytic, wind-pollinated grass with annual shoots up to 5 m above-ground level from an extensive system of rhizomes and stolons. A single silky inflorescence develops at the end of each fertile stem and produces 500-2000 seeds. The plant is highly variable genetically and morphologically. 4. Expansion of established populations is mainly through clonal growth of the horizontal rhizome system and ground-surface stolons, while new populations can establish from rhizomes, stem fragments and seeds. Shoots generally emerge in spring, with timing determined primarily by physiology that is mediated by external conditions (e.g. local climate including frost).*Nomenclature of vascular plants follows Stace (2010). This account supersedes that of Phragmites communis by Haslam (1972).

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Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Phragmites australis

et al. 2017

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“…Although GI systems need not be vegetated, plants and soils can contribute substantially to volume reduction, in particular by enhancing rates of evapotranspiration (ET), interception, and infiltration [6][7][8][9]. Evapotranspiration is arguably the most effective of these processes with respect to volume reduction; studies using weighing lysimeters have found that 50% of incident precipitation can be removed by ET [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Moreover, vegetated GI systems provide additional ecosystem services such as improving air quality and cooling the local environment, thereby promoting human health [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Green Infrastructure Turns Grey: Implications of Overdesign on Plant Water Stress

Tu¹,

Caplan²,

Eisenman³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Green infrastructure systems are often overdesigned. This may be a byproduct of static sizing (e.g., accounting for a design storm’s runoff volume but not exfiltration rates) or may be deliberate (e.g., buffering against performance loss through time). Regardless, overdesign may compromise plants’ access to water in systems where soil pits are embedded in infiltration beds. It could raise the storm size required for water to reach soil pits, reducing water availability between storms, which could ultimately induce plant physiological stress. This study investigated the hydrological dynamics and water relations of a tree trench system suspected to have been overbuilt and identified factors contributing to, compounding, and mitigating the risk of plant stress. Results provided strong evidence that the abovementioned processes played out. Water in the infiltration bed reached soil pits only once in three years, with that event occurring during a hydrant release. Moreover, minimal water was retained in the soil pit during the event due to the hydraulic properties of the soil media. Through a growing season, one of the two tree types frequently experienced water stress, while the other did so only rarely. These contrasting responses can likely be attributed to roots either being largely confined to the soil pits or reaching a deeper water source. Implications of these results for green infrastructure design are considered.

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“…Although GI systems need not be vegetated, plants and soils can contribute substantially to volume reduction, in particular by enhancing evapotranspiration (ET), interception, and infiltration (Buccola and Spolek 2011, Lucas and Greenway 2011, Yang andLi 2013, Tu andTraver 2019a). Evapotranspiration is arguably the most effective of these processes; studies using weighing lysimeters have found that 50% of precipitation can be removed by ET (Rejskova et al 2012, DiGiovanni et al 2013, Wadzuk, et al 2013, Wadzuk et al 2015, Zaremba et al 2016, Hess et al 2017. Moreover, vegetated GI systems provide additional ecosystem services such as improving air quality and cooling the local environment, thereby promoting human health (Wang et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Green Infrastructure Turns Grey: Implications of Overdesign for Plant Water Stress

Tu¹,

Caplan²,

Eisenman³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Overdesign is a common strategy used by green infrastructure (GI) designers to account for unexpected performance loss, but such a strategy can create undesirable plant responses if it decreases water availability. The seasonal and event-based stomatal conductance data of two woody plant species in a green infrastructure (GI) was analyzed. The GI is a tree trench composed of five tree pits (each one was planted with a tree) in an infiltration bed. Runoff collected from the street was supplied to the bottom of the infiltration bed, although the system never filled completely indicating there was capacity for more runoff than what was observed over 3 years and the infiltration bed was overdesigned. Between the two tree species, evidence suggested that the root system of London plane spread beyond the boundary of the GI system and reached a subsurface water source, while that of hybrid maple did not. London plane showed a slower response to water added in the tree pit soil, which can indicate the reduced dependence on GI soil water after plants have reached an alternative water source. Such reduction is not favored because it defeats the purpose of having plants in GI systems. Designs using root barriers, appropriate plant species selection, etc. are recommended to avoid unwanted root spread. This study also found that GI design relying on upward water movements should be avoided because such design creates a narrow capillary zone on top of a saturated zone, which does not encourage transpiration.

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Transpiration, evapotranspiration and energy fluxes in a temperate wetland dominated by Phalaris arundinacea under hot summer conditions

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Phragmites australis

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Phragmites australis

When Green Infrastructure Turns Grey: Implications of Overdesign on Plant Water Stress

When Green Infrastructure Turns Grey: Implications of Overdesign for Plant Water Stress

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