Transpiration and groundwater uptake from farm forest plots of Casuarina glauca and Eucalyptus camaldulensis in saline areas of southeast Queensland, Australia

Cramer, Viki A.; Thorburn, Peter J.; Fraser, G. W.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3774(98)00078-x

Cited by 90 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Conversely, hammock vegetation in mainland Florida utilized a substantial amount of groundwater during the dry season, although depth to the aquifer was only 0.6-1.5 m (Ewe et al 1999). Groundwater utilization by woody vegetation under seasonally dry climates has often been shown to decrease with depth to the phreatic level, even when substrates overlying the aquifer are much easier to penetrate by roots than limestone bedrock (Farrington et al 1996;Cramer et al 1999;Zencich et al 2002). According to IsoSource model calculations, the tree species investigated were rather dependent on water stored within the bedrock during the dry season (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water source partitioning among trees growing on shallow karst soils in a seasonally dry tropical climate

et al. 2007

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The sources of water used by woody vegetation growing on karst soils in seasonally dry tropical regions are little known. In northern Yucatan (Mexico), trees withstand 4-6 months of annual drought in spite of the small water storage capacity of the shallow karst soil. We hypothesized that adult evergreen trees in Yucatan tap the aquifer for a reliable supply of water during the prolonged dry season. The naturally occurring concentration gradients in oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes in soil, bedrock, groundwater and plant stem water were used to determine the sources of water used by native evergreen and drought-deciduous tree species. While the trees studied grew over a permanent water table (9-20 m depth), pit excavation showed that roots were largely restricted to the upper 2 m of the soil/bedrock profile. At the peak of the dry season, the delta(18)O signatures of potential water sources for the vegetation ranged from 4.1 +/- 1.1 per thousand in topsoil to -4.3 +/- 0.1 per thousand in groundwater. The delta(18)O values of tree stem water ranged from -2.8 +/- 0.3 per thousand in Talisia olivaeformis to 0.8 +/- 1 per thousand in Ficus cotinifolia, demonstrating vertical partitioning of soil/bedrock water among tree species. Stem water delta(18)O values were significantly different from that of groundwater for all the tree species investigated. Stem water samples plotted to the right of the meteoric water line, indicating utilization of water sources subject to evaporative isotopic enrichment. Foliar delta(13)C in adult trees varied widely among species, ranging from -25.3 +/- 0.3 per thousand in Enterolobium cyclocarpum to -28.7 +/- 0.4 per thousand in T. olivaeformis. Contrary to initial expectations, data indicate that native trees growing on shallow karst soils in northern Yucatan use little or no groundwater and depend mostly on water stored within the upper 2-3 m of the soil/bedrock profile. Water storage in subsurface soil-filled cavities and in the porous limestone bedrock is apparently sufficient to sustain adult evergreen trees throughout the pronounced dry season.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water source partitioning among trees growing on shallow karst soils in a seasonally dry tropical climate

et al. 2007

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“…However, proportionate contributions of distal sources could also provide the isotopic mass balance necessary to explain the mixed signature, with little to no contribution from proximate sources (Fry and Sherr 1984). Vegetation with roots throughout the soil profile, for example, is unlikely to obtain water from a single depth with the most similar isotopic composition, but may also utilize other soil water components with both higher and lower signatures (Cramer et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too many sources

2003

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Stable isotopes are increasingly being used as tracers in environmental studies. One application is to use isotopic ratios to quantitatively determine the proportional contribution of several sources to a mixture, such as the proportion of various pollution sources in a waste stream. In general, the proportional contributions of n+1 different sources can be uniquely determined by the use of n different isotope system tracers (e.g., delta13C, delta15N, delta18O) with linear mixing models based on mass balance equations. Often, however, the number of potential sources exceeds n+1, which prevents finding a unique solution of source proportions. What can be done in these situations? While no definitive solution exists, we propose a method that is informative in determining bounds for the contributions of each source. In this method, all possible combinations of each source contribution (0-100%) are examined in small increments (e.g., 1%). Combinations that sum to the observed mixture isotopic signatures within a small tolerance (e.g., +/-0.1 per thousand ) are considered to be feasible solutions, from which the frequency and range of potential source contributions can be determined. To avoid misrepresenting the results, users of this procedure should report the distribution of feasible solutions rather than focusing on a single value such as the mean. We applied this method to a variety of environmental studies in which stable isotope tracers were used to quantify the relative magnitude of multiple sources, including (1) plant water use, (2) geochemistry, (3) air pollution, and (4) dietary analysis. This method gives the range of isotopically determined source contributions; additional non-isotopic constraints specific to each study may be used to further restrict this range. The breadth of the isotopically determined ranges depends on the geometry of the mixing space and the similarity of source and mixture isotopic signatures. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the estimated ranges vary only modestly with different choices of source increment and mass balance tolerance parameter values. A computer program (IsoSource) to perform these calculations for user-specified data is available at http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/models.htm.

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“…The Royal Forest Department (RFD) also found the successful establishment of several tree species in conventional plantations in every region of the country. Recent trials in Australia also found E. occidentalis to be more promising than E. camaldulensis (Benyon et al, 1999) while Cramer et al (1999) found Casuarina glauca to be superior to E. camaldulensis in controlling the discharge of saline groundwater. Recently, Oba et al (2001) and Tomar et al (2003) provided substantial evidence the success of several native tree species growing in saline soils in Kenya and India, respectively.…”

Section: Rehabilitation Trials On Salt Affected Lands In Northeast Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation of salt affected lands in Northeast Thailand

Sahunalu

2003

Tropics

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Transpiration and groundwater uptake from farm forest plots of Casuarina glauca and Eucalyptus camaldulensis in saline areas of southeast Queensland, Australia

Cited by 90 publications

References 31 publications

Water source partitioning among trees growing on shallow karst soils in a seasonally dry tropical climate

Water source partitioning among trees growing on shallow karst soils in a seasonally dry tropical climate

Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too many sources

Rehabilitation of salt affected lands in Northeast Thailand

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