Transparent, Plastic, Low-Work-Function Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrodes

Lindell, Linda; Burquel, Anick; Jakobsson, Fredrik; Lemaur, Vincent; Berggren, Magnus; Lazzaroni, Roberto; Cornil, Jérôme; Salaneck, W. R.; Crispin, Xavier

doi:10.1021/cm061081m

Cited by 84 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…the energy difference between the LUMO level and the work function (Φ i ) of the metal electrode is an essential factor which controls the efficiency of the process. [34][35][36][37] This energy difference of less than 0.2-0.3 eV is generally accepted for an ohmic contact between semiconductor material and electrode to take place 36,37 neglecting effects involving metal reactivity, interdiffusion within the metal-organic interface and temperature. 31 Electron affinity (EA), defined as the energy released when one electron is added to the system in the gaseous state, is also of great importance for a material to be considered as n-type semiconductor.…”

Section: Theoretical and Computational Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Structure and Charge Transport Properties of a Series of 3,6-(Diphenyl)-s-tetrazine Derivatives: Are They Suitable Candidates for Molecular Electronics?

et al. 2014

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Citation for published item:worlD wF nd qr¡ %D qF nd qrz¡ onD eF nd qrndinoEold¡ nD tFwF nd poxD wFeF nd u(tD hFF nd e£ nsD eF nd welguizoD wF nd pern¡ ndezEq¡ omezD wF @PHIRA 9iletroni struture nd hrge trnsport properties of series of QDTE@diphenylAEsEtetrzine derivtives X re they suitle ndidtes for moleulr eletronisc9D tournl of physil hemistry gFD IIV @RTAF ppF PTRPUEPTRQWF Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

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Section: Theoretical and Computational Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Structure and Charge Transport Properties of a Series of 3,6-(Diphenyl)-s-tetrazine Derivatives: Are They Suitable Candidates for Molecular Electronics?

et al. 2014

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“…There is also the requirement to obtain both transparent anodes and cathodes in at least one of the devices in a tandem and, therefore, also the work function of the electrode is critical. Modification of the work function of ITO [75] or PEDOT [76,77] by adsorption of dipolar molecules has been demonstrated. Alternative forms of PEDOT show an intrinsically lower work function than does PEDOT:PSS, the standard material of interface engineering in organic electronics.…”

Section: Transparent Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Photovoltaics with Alternating Copolymer/Fullerene Blends and Novel Device Architectures

Inganäs¹,

Zhang²,

Tvingstedt³

et al. 2010

Advanced Materials

100

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The synthesis of novel conjugated polymers, designed for the purpose of photovoltaic energy conversion, and their properties in polymer/fullerene materials and photovoltaic devices are reviewed. Two families of main-chain polymer donors, based on fluorene or phenylene and donor-acceptor-donor comonomers in alternating copolymers, are used to absorb the high-energy parts of the solar spectrum and to give high photovoltages in combinations with fullerene acceptors in devices. These materials are used in alternative photovoltaic device geometries with enhanced light incoupling to collect larger photocurrents or to enable tandem devices and enhance photovoltage.

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“…The interfacial dipole can be used as a tool to enhance charge injection properties of an electrode. The magnitude of the dipole can be engineered through various surface modifications [7][8][9]. However, a complete and systematic understanding of energy level alignment has not yet been achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermi level equilibrium at donor–acceptor interfaces in multi-layered thin film stack of TTF and TCNQ

Braun

Liu

Salaneck

et al. 2010

Organic Electronics

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Organic hetero-junctions in a multi-layered thin film stacks comprising alternate layers of the molecular donor -tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and the acceptor -tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), have been studied by Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS). We show that the energy level alignment at the organic-organic interfaces in the stacks depends only upon the relative energy structure of the donor and acceptor molecules, in particular, the molecular integer charge transfer (ICT) states. The observed interfacial dipoles, across the multi-layered organic stacks, correspond to the difference in energy between the positive and the negative charge transfer states of the molecules constituting the interface. Consequently, Fermi level across the multi-layer system is pinned to those states, since the energetic conditions for the charge transfer across the interface are fulfilled. Hence the energy level alignment at donor-acceptor interfaces studied can be rationalized on the basis of integer charge transfer model (ICT-model). Moreover, we present the photoelectron spectra where 0.85eV shift of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of TTF during formation of TCNQ over-layer is directly observed. These studies contribute to the understanding of the nature of the offset between the frontier electronic levels of the donor and acceptor components which is of high importance in the engineering of efficient organic solar cells.

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Transparent, Plastic, Low-Work-Function Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrodes

Cited by 84 publications

References 56 publications

Electronic Structure and Charge Transport Properties of a Series of 3,6-(Diphenyl)-s-tetrazine Derivatives: Are They Suitable Candidates for Molecular Electronics?

Electronic Structure and Charge Transport Properties of a Series of 3,6-(Diphenyl)-s-tetrazine Derivatives: Are They Suitable Candidates for Molecular Electronics?

Polymer Photovoltaics with Alternating Copolymer/Fullerene Blends and Novel Device Architectures

Fermi level equilibrium at donor–acceptor interfaces in multi-layered thin film stack of TTF and TCNQ

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