Transparent motion and object-based attention

Object-based attention to one of two superimposed surfaces alters responses in human early visual cortex

“…Object-based selection has also been investigated in event-related potential (ERP) studies using superimposed moving random-dot patterns. These studies have used variations of the psychophysical paradigm developed by Valdes-Sosa et al (1998a) and compared ERPs to translations of attended surfaces to those of unattended surfaces. Unlike objects such as faces and houses, these surfaces require the binding together of dynamically changing elements into a single cohesive object and do not allow for object selection based on object class; both objects are composed of the same types of elements, and both are members of the same class (surfaces).…”

“…imposed surfaces (surface-based selection), even if the properties (e.g., motion direction) of those surfaces change unpredictably over time, thereby ruling out feature-based selection (Valdes-Sosa et al 1998a). Although the neural mechanisms mediating spatial (reviewed in Reynolds and Chelazzi 2004) and feature-based selection (reviewed in Maunsell and Treue 2006) have been studied extensively, less is known about the neural mechanisms mediating object or surface-based selection.…”

Multiple Object Permanence Tracking: Maintenance, Retrieval and Transformation of Dynamic Object Representations

“…This finding strongly suggests that previous findings obtained with static displays (Luck & Vogel, 1997;Vogel et al, 2001) and a dynamic multiple-object tracking task (Pylyshyn & Storm, 1988) may not reflect the function of common high level episodic representations such as object files. The dynamic maintenance of features has been used as an important hallmark of objectness in objectbased attention literature (Tipper et al, 1994;Chun and Cavanagh, 1997;Valdes-Sosa et al, 1998); thus, the failure in dynamic updating of object features casts doubts on the proposal that visual working memory is object-based in a strong sense. These results are largely consistent with recent evidence that the system of visual cognition works with much less memory than we previously believed (Ballard et al, 1997;Horowitz & Wolfe, 1998;Rensink et al, 1997).…”

Human Factor Aspects of Power System Flow Animation

“…Expansion and contraction lend themselves well to displaying power flow data because they appear to be moving faster than, and may be detected more easily than, translation at the same real speed [21]- [23] and because they are orthogonal motions that can be used to indicate positive and negative values unambiguously. The motion patterns created by multiple moving elements are perceived as a single object when they move at similar speeds and in similar directions [24], [25], an effect called common fate, which can still operate when the elements' trajectories diverge or converge [26], as in expansion and contraction.…”