Transparent layer constancy.

Gerbino, Walter; Stultiens, Casimir I.; Troost, Jim M.; Weert, Charles M. de

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.16.1.3

Cited by 69 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Motion transparency is also influenced by the introduction of a disparity cue to surface segmentation alongside the motion direction cue (Bradley et al 1995;Verstraten et al 1994). However both these issues are beyond the scope of the current model, although eventually one would like to draw parallels between all forms of transparency (Gerbino et al 1990). Our main aim here is to emphasize, through simulation, that the key to motion transparency is not the structure of the velocity histogram but the variability over time of the spatial location of areas of consistent motion signals, which leads to the grouping of two overlapping planes of motion, in contrast to the spatial segregation of regions of coherent motion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Moving from spatially segregated to transparent motion: a modelling approach

et al. 2005

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Motion transparency, in which patterns of moving elements group together to give the impression of lacy overlapping surfaces, provides an important challenge to models of motion perception. It has been suggested that we perceive transparent motion when the shape of the velocity histogram of the stimulus is bimodal. To investigate this further, random-dot kinematogram motion sequences were created to simulate segregated (perceptually spatially separated) and transparent (perceptually overlapping) motion. The motion sequences were analysed using the multi-channel gradient model (McGM) to obtain the speed and direction at every pixel of each frame of the motion sequences. The velocity histograms obtained were found to be quantitatively similar and all were bimodal. However, the spatial and temporal properties of the velocity field differed between segregated and transparent stimuli. Transparent stimuli produced patches of rightward and leftward motion that varied in location over time. This demonstrates that we can successfully differentiate between these two types of motion on the basis of the time varying local velocity field. However, the percept of motion transparency cannot be based simply on the presence of a bimodal velocity histogram.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Moving from spatially segregated to transparent motion: a modelling approach

et al. 2005

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“…In this section, we show that this parsing in depth interacts in an interesting way with the "sideways" parsing into parts. In the context of simple displays like Figure 45, two luminance conditions are critical (Metelli, 1974;Gerbino, Stultiens, Troost, & de Weert, 1990;Beck, Prazdny, & Ivry, 1984;Anderson, 1997). First, the two grey patches in the center must have the same contrast polarity as the two halves of the surround.…”

Section: Parts and Transparencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the central region (consisting of the two grey patches) must have a lower contrast than the surround. This lowering in "contrast" has typically been defined in terms of lowered reflectance differences (Metelli, 1974), lightness differences (Beck et al, 1984), and luminance differences (Gerbino et al, 1990) across a contour. However, Singh & Anderson (2001) have recently shown that the critical variable is Michelson contrast.…”

Section: Parts and Transparencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Part-Based Representations of Visual Shape and Implications for Visual Cognition

Singh

Hoffman

2001

From Fragments to Objects - Segmentation and Grouping in Vision

103

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Human vision organizes object shapes in terms of parts and their spatial relationships.Converging experimental evidence suggests that parts are computed rapidly and early in visual processing. We review theories of how human vision parses shapes. In particular, we discuss the minima rule for finding part boundaries on shapes, geometric factors for creating part cuts, and a theory of part salience. We review empirical evidence that human vision parses shapes into parts, and show that parts-based representations explain various aspects of our visual cognition, including figure-ground assignment, judgments of shape similarity, memory for shapes, visual search for shapes, the perception of transparency, and the allocation of visual attention to objects. From Fragments to Objects: Segmentation and Grouping in Vision2

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“…Underwater visibility (Lythgoe, 1979) is analogous to aerial perspective, and the ecological roots of the perception of transparency (Gerbino, Stultiens, & Troost, 1990;Metelli, 1974) are to be found in aerial perspective.…”

Section: Nine Sources Of Information and Their Relative Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

How the eye measures reality and virtual reality

Cutting

1997

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

157

103

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Ifvirtual reality systems are to make good on their name, designers must know how people perceive space in natural environments, in photographs, and in cinema. Perceivers understand the layout of a cluttered natural environment through the use of nine or more sources of information, each based on different assumptions--occlusion, height in the visual field, relative size, relative density, aerial perspective, binocular disparities, accommodation, convergence, and motion perspective. The relative utility of these sources at different distances is compared, using their ordinal depth-threshold functions. From these, three classes of space around a moving observer are postulated: personal space, action space, and vista space. Within each, a smaller number of sources act in consort, with different relative strengths. Given the general ordinality of the sources, these spaces are likely to be affine in character, stretching and collapsing with viewing conditions. One of these conditions is controlled by lens length in photography and cinematography or by field-of-view commands in computer graphics. These have striking effects on many of these sources of information and, consequently, on how the layout of a scene is perceived.

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Transparent layer constancy.

Cited by 69 publications

References 19 publications

Moving from spatially segregated to transparent motion: a modelling approach

Moving from spatially segregated to transparent motion: a modelling approach

Part-Based Representations of Visual Shape and Implications for Visual Cognition

How the eye measures reality and virtual reality

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