Transparent Forwarders: An Unnoticed Component of the Open DNS Infrastructure
Marcin Nawrocki,
Maynard Koch,
Thomas C. Schmidt
et al.
Abstract:In this paper, we revisit the open DNS (ODNS) infrastructure and, for the first time, systematically measure and analyze transparent forwarders, DNS components that transparently relay between stub resolvers and recursive resolvers. Our key findings include four takeaways. First, transparent forwarders contribute 26% (563k) to the current ODNS infrastructure. Unfortunately, common periodic scanning campaigns such as Shadowserver do not capture transparent forwarders and thus underestimate the current threat po… Show more
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