Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowire Networks: From Physical Considerations towards Device Integration

Bellet, Daniel; Lagrange, Mélanie; Sannicolo, Thomas; Aghazadehchors, Sara; Nguyễn, Việt Hương; Langley, Daniel; Muñoz‐Rojas, David; Jiménez, Carmen; Bréchet, Y.; Nguyen, Ngoc Duy

doi:10.3390/ma10060570

Cited by 66 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…As of today, some degree of control of this inherently stochastic phenomenon has been achieved, permitting to create nanogaps for addressing nanoclusters or single molecules [2][3][4], locally modify the geometry or the material properties to fabricate point contacts [5][6][7], superconducting weak links [8][9][10], nanoheaters [11], plasmonic nanoantennas [12], etc. In addition, recent works also showed that the change of electrical resistance in random networks of conducting nanowires under electric bias can induce percolation in these materials, making them interesting transparent conducting materials suitable in a wide range of applications, as window electrodes, transparent heaters, antennas, etc [13,14]. Besides this rich multipurpose nanofabrication toolbox, controlled EM benefits from the fact that it can be achieved through rather unsophisticated softwares and conventional electronics [6,[15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromigration-induced resistance switching in indented Al microstrips

et al. 2019

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Non-volatile resistive memory cells are promising candidates to tremendously impact the further development of Boolean and neuromorphic computing. In particular, nanoscale memory-bit cells based on electromigration (EM)-induced resistive switching in monolithic metallic structures have been identified as an appealing and competitive alternative to achieve ultrahigh density while keeping straightforward manufacturing processes. In this work, we investigate the EM-induced resistance switching in indented Al microstrips. In order to guarantee a large switching endurance, we limited the on-to-off ratio to a minimum readable value. Two switching protocols were tested, (i) a variable current pulse amplitude adjusted to ensure a precise change of resistance, and (ii) a fixed current pulse amplitude. Both approaches exhibit an initial training period where the mean value of the device's resistance drifts in time, followed by a more stable behavior. Electron microscopy imaging of the devices show irreversible changes of the material properties from the early stages of the switching process. High and low resistance states show retention times of days and endurances of ∼10 3 switching cycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromigration-induced resistance switching in indented Al microstrips

et al. 2019

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“…MNW networks have been the subject of a lot of research lately, with a focus on the industrial integration of the networks as transparent electrodes into opto‐electronic devices, as recently reviewed by several authors. [ 20,38,39,157,158 ] Among the possible MNW materials, silver has been the most investigated, [ 33,34,39,159–162 ] while CuNW networks constitute an interesting alternative. [ 48,66,76,163,164 ] Figure 7b exhibits a high‐resolution TEM image of a CuNW showing the fivefold symmetry.…”

Section: The Investigated Materials Technologies For Transparent Heatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This aspect is very important because haziness is a critical parameter for most optoelectronic applications, and such low values are hardly ever achieved with other non‐TCO materials. [ 38 ] This polymer‐based technology made it possible to reach high power densities, up to 10 000 W m −2 (Figure 8d). Heating homogeneity, measured by IR imaging, and extended mechanical stability were demonstrated.…”

Section: The Investigated Materials Technologies For Transparent Heatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 35,36 ] Several recent reviews have summarized the main properties, challenges, and integration of MNW networks. [ 20,37–41 ] The first article showing that silver nanowire (AgNW) networks could act as efficient THs was published in 2012 by Simonato's group. [ 42 ] As shown below, this ground‐breaking paper was followed by many other studies focused on the physics of THs based on MNW networks, [ 43 ] on the integration of this type of TH into various devices [ 22,44,45 ] as well as on a better understanding and enhancement of these THs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transparent Heaters: A Review

Papanastasiou

Schultheiss

Muñoz‐Rojas

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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187

191

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Transparent heaters (TH) have attracted intense attention from both scientific and industrial sectors due to the key role they play in many technologies, including smart windows, deicers, defoggers, displays, actuators, and sensors. While transparent conductive oxides have dominated the field for the past five decades, a new generation of THs based on nanomaterials has led to new paradigms in terms of applications and prospects in the past years. Here, the most recent developments and strategies to improve the properties, stability, and integration of these new THs are reviewed.

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“…Applications of 1D nanostructures exist in solar cells, LEDs, chemical sensors, transparent conducting films (TCFs), and heaters to name a few. TCFs, for example, require high conductivity and transparency thus connected networks of 1D nanomaterials have been studied as a viable alternative to thin films of indium tin oxide, which suffer from drawbacks such as brittleness and indium scarcity …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Directed Assembly of Nanorods of 2D Materials

Ibrahim

Novodchuk

Mistry

et al. 2019

Small

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transparency thus connected networks of 1D nanomaterials [5] have been studied as a viable alternative to thin films of indium tin oxide, which suffer from drawbacks such as brittleness and indium scarcity. [6] Materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit excellent electrical properties due to their "flat" 2D chemical structure. Sheets or flakes of these materials can allow for large area coverage with high conductivity but typically at the expense of transparency. [7,8] An approach to improving transparency is utilizing these materials in 1D nanorod-like structures. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the most popular 1D variant of graphene and have been utilized to form large area conducting films, although challenges remain with respect to their purification [9,10] and aggregation. [5] As an alternative to CNTs, the synthesis of carbon-based nanorods has been reported by utilizing arc discharge [11] and microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [12] methods. However, the arc discharge method requires an extensive filtering (Soxhlet extraction) and drying process, while the CVD method requires a high power and temperature (e.g., 850 °C). The growth of graphene nanoribbons has also been reported by ultrahigh vacuum thermal evaporation [13] and hydrothermal techniques, [14] yielding lengths of 20-450 nm and widths of 2-40 nm.In regards to TMDs, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanorods have been synthesized via a redox reaction in an aqueous solution (yielding a nanorod mixture of binary oxides (Mo x O y ) and binary sulfides (Mo x S y )), [15] hydrothermal synthesis, [16] and hydrothermal synthesis of MoO 3 nanorods combined with sulfurization. [17] Similar to MoS 2 , the synthesis of tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) nanorods has been accomplished by lengthy hydrothermal [18,19] and sulfidation [20] methods. Zhang et al. used high energy ball milling of WS 2 powder for 122 h, after which the powder was used as a precursor in a hydrothermal reaction for nanorod growth. [21] Ball milling methods have also been used to produce boron nitride (BN) nanorods. Boron carbide powders were milled for 100 h and subsequently treated with nitrogen at high temperature to produce BN nanorods. [22][23][24] In another approach, Museur et al. synthesized BN nanorods embedded in amorphous boron suboxides (B x O y ) through UV laser irradiation of a compacted BN powder pellet in a high-pressure nitrogen environment. [25] Table 1 summarizes these previous efforts to fabricate nanorods of 2D materials. Many of these methods require Herein, the previously unrealized ability to grow nanorods and nanotubes of 2D materials using femtosecond laser irradiation is demonstrated. In as short as 20 min, nanorods of tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, graphene, and boron nitride are grown in solutions. The technique fragments nanoparticles of the 2D materials from bulk flakes and leverages molecular scale alignment by nonresonant intense laser pulses to direct their assembly into nanorods up to several micrometers i...

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Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowire Networks: From Physical Considerations towards Device Integration

Cited by 66 publications

References 75 publications

Electromigration-induced resistance switching in indented Al microstrips

Electromigration-induced resistance switching in indented Al microstrips

Transparent Heaters: A Review

Laser‐Directed Assembly of Nanorods of 2D Materials

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