Transparent Electrode Based on Silver Nanowires and Polyimide for Film Heater and Flexible Solar Cell

He, Xin; Duan, Feng; Liu, Junyan; Lan, Qiuming; Wu, Jianhao; Yang, Chengyan; Yang, Weijia; Zeng, Qingguang; Wang, Huafang

doi:10.3390/ma10121362

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…As mentioned above, embedding AgNW in polymer substrates is an applied method that can effectively improve adhesion. Numerous researchers have achieved adhesion improvements by using different transfer polymers, such as Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA) 63, [134] polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), [191] polyimide (PI), [192] polyvinyl butyral (PVB), [135] and polymer resin. [133,193] Typically, a strong forming pressure must be applied using the above method.…”

Section: Embedding Agnws Into Polymer Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits, Problems, and Solutions of Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)‐Free Flexible Solar Cells

Azani¹,

Hassanpour²,

Torres

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

198

177

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their use in large-scale applications. [2] Thus, a second generation of solar cells based on other inorganic materials, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe)/cadmium indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), have been developed; however, their practical applications are restricted by the toxi city and scarcity of the materials, along with their high production cost. [3,4] Consequently, OSCs, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), [5,6] and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [7-9] have been developed, which are considered as third-generation SCs. Among the solar cells of the third generation, OSCs received significant attention due to their flexibility, low cost, and ease of fabrication, [10] which combined with their high efficiency, significantly contribute to the commercialization of FOSCs. Mass production of flexible OSCs is possible by using a roll-to-roll process, which enables the fabrication of wearable devices. [11,12] Potential applications of FOSCs include wearable devices, [13] space applications, [14] rechargeable bags and tents, and solar airships. One of the main components for fabricating FOSCs is TCEs, which play a key role in achieving high-performance OSCs, where current and light transmissions are simultaneously enabled. [15] Generally, the following characteristics are required for achieving a high-performance transparent electrode: [16-18] 1) high optical transmittance for permitting photons to reach and be absorbed within the active layer; 2) low sheet resistance for decreasing the resistance of solar cells; 3) low surface roughness for avoiding electrical shortage In this review, silver nanowires (AgNWs) are introduced, as the primary material to replace indium tin oxide for fabricating cost-effective flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs), because of their remarkable solution-processing, flexibility, transparency, and conductivity, along with their enhanced properties in terms of light-scattering, plasmonic effects, and transmittance in the near infrared region. The drawbacks of AgNWs, particularly their high roughness, low adhesion to substrates, atmospheric corrosion, degradation under UV and visible light, and poor contact at wire-wire junctions, must be resolved prior to their use in commercial FOSCs applications. Herein, comparisons among all candidates (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal grids, and conducting polymers), along with a report of all recent progress in addressing these issues for using AgNWs as flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), are discussed. In addition, recent publications on the fabrication of highly efficient FOSCs based on AgNWs are summarized. The discussed issues regarding AgNWs-TCEs apply not only to FOSCs, but can be generalized for other third-generation solar cells, such as perovskite solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells; additionally, they provide insight for other optoelectronic applications, such as organic light-emitting diodes, liquid crystal displays, smart windows, touch panels, and heaters.

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Section: Embedding Agnws Into Polymer Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits, Problems, and Solutions of Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)‐Free Flexible Solar Cells

Azani¹,

Hassanpour²,

Torres

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

198

177

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show abstract

“…As discussed in the previous section, there have been many Ag NW-based devices developed for stretchable and flexible electronics (e.g., stretchable displays, high-frequency antennas, artificial muscles, and skin sensors) [1,2,3,4,5,8,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111]. In this section, we introduce Ag NW network-based flexible optoelectronic and electronic devices, emphasizing their performance as a function of their mechano-electric properties.…”

Section: Applications Of Ag Nw Network With Mechano-electric Propmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates that the heat-releasing capability of patterned Ag NWs was retained over the structure. In a similar study, Hong et al introduced a stretchable thermal heater made of a Ag NW-deposited PDMS film by exploiting the swelling phenomenon of PDMS [1,2,3,4,5,106,107,108,109,110]. The resultant stretchable heater has an effectively embedded Ag NW percolation network within the PDMS matrix and good thermal stability at strain of 60%.…”

Section: Applications Of Ag Nw Network With Mechano-electric Propmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along with device fabrication, Sorel et al reported the characteristic changes in an Ag NW-based transparent thermal heater in the bulk-like and percolative regimes by calculating a percolative figure of merit of the Ag NW percolation network [1,2,3,4,5,106,107,108,109,110]. The percolation network model of Ag NWs provides critical considerations, including the electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and heat dissipation for high-efficiency Joule heaters [1,2,3,4,5,106,107,108,109,110]. The Ag NWs coated on the eco-flex substrate showed effective electro-thermal performance in the rapid on/off test and good mechano-electrical stretchability up to 400%.…”

Section: Applications Of Ag Nw Network With Mechano-electric Propmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silver Nanowire Networks: Mechano-Electric Properties and Applications

Sohn

Park

et al. 2019

Materials

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With increasing technological demand for portable electronic and photovoltaic devices, it has become critical to ensure the electrical and mechano-electric reliability of electrodes in such devices. However, the limited flexibility and high processing costs of traditional electrodes based on indium tin oxide undermine their application in flexible devices. Among various alternative materials for flexible electrodes, such as metallic/carbon nanowires or meshes, silver nanowire (Ag NW) networks are regarded as promising candidates owing to their excellent electrical, optical, and mechano-electric properties. In this context, there have been tremendous studies on the physico-chemical and mechano-electric properties of Ag NW networks. At the same time, it has been a crucial job to maximize the device performance (or their mechano-electric performance) by reconciliation of various properties. This review discusses the properties and device applications of Ag NW networks under dynamic motion by focusing on notable findings and cases in the recent literature. Initially, we introduce the fabrication (deposition process) of Ag NW network-based electrodes from solution-based coating processes (drop casting, spray coating, spin coating, etc.) to commercial processes (slot-die and roll-to-roll coating). We also discuss the electrical/optical properties of Ag NW networks, which are governed by percolation, and their electrical contacts. Second, the mechano-electric properties of Ag NW networks are reviewed by describing individual and combined properties of NW networks with dynamic motion under cyclic loading. The improved mechano-electric properties of Ag NW network-based flexible electrodes are also discussed by presenting various approaches, including post-treatment and hybridization. Third, various Ag NW-based flexible devices (electronic and optoelectronic devices) are introduced by discussing their operation principles, performance, and challenges. Finally, we offer remarks on the challenges facing the current studies and discuss the direction of research in this field, as well as forthcoming issues to be overcome to achieve integration into commercial devices.

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“…However, the as-obtained ink is very easy to diffuse, consequently destroying the designed pattern. Herein, we introduced the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS into the Ag NW ink to produce the composite printing-ink [28,29]. The clear and regular grids could be fabricated using the ink, and the adhesion strength of the mesh to the substrate was also greatly improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexagonal and Square Patterned Silver Nanowires/PEDOT:PSS Composite Grids by Screen Printing for Uniformly Transparent Heaters

Shen

et al. 2019

Polymers

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Transparent conductive films with hexagonal and square patterns were fabricated on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates by screen printing technology utilizing a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and silver nanowire (Ag NWs) composite ink. The printing parameters—mesh number, printing layer, mass ratio of PEDOT:PSS to Ag NWs and pattern shape—have a significant influence on the photoelectric properties of the composite films. The screen mesh with a mesh number of 200 possesses a suitable mesh size of 74 µm for printing clear and integrated grids with high transparency. With an increase in the printing layer and a decrease in the mass ratio of PEDOT:PSS to Ag NWs, the transmittance and resistance of the printed grids both decreased. When the printing layer is 1, the transmittance and resistance are 85.6% and 2.23 kΩ for the hexagonal grid and 77.3% and 8.78 kΩ for the square grid, indicating that the more compact arrangement of square grids reduces the transmittance, and the greater number of connections of the square grid increases the resistance. Therefore, it is believed that improved photoelectric properties of transparent electrodes could be obtained by designing a printing pattern with optimized printing parameters. Additionally, the Ag NWs/PEDOT:PSS composite films with hexagonal and square patterns exhibit high transparency and good uniformity, suggesting promising applications in large-area and uniform heaters.

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Transparent Electrode Based on Silver Nanowires and Polyimide for Film Heater and Flexible Solar Cell

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Benefits, Problems, and Solutions of Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)‐Free Flexible Solar Cells

Benefits, Problems, and Solutions of Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)‐Free Flexible Solar Cells

Silver Nanowire Networks: Mechano-Electric Properties and Applications

Hexagonal and Square Patterned Silver Nanowires/PEDOT:PSS Composite Grids by Screen Printing for Uniformly Transparent Heaters

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