Transparent dual‐band monopole antenna using a μ‐metal mesh on the rear glass of an automobile for frequency modulation/digital media broadcasting service receiving

Abstract

A transparent dual‐band monopole (Inverted‐F) antenna using a micro‐metal mesh film (μ‐MMF) designed on the rear glass of an automobile (Hyundai K5) is presented. This design allows the optically transparent antenna to be installed in a wider space, thus overcoming the space limitation typically posed by roof‐mounted shark‐fin antennas. It can also reasonably solve the problem of low reception sensitivity and radiation interference from antennas operating in other service bands. The antenna is a combination of two simple monopoles operating in the frequency modulation (FM) (88–108 MHz) and the digital media broadcasting (DMB) (174–216 MHz) service bands. Measured reflection coefficients (S11) of the transparent antenna using μ‐MMF are under −6 dB (VSWR 3:1) in both the bands, and the radiation pattern shows directive patterns to the outward direction from the car; the average peak gains in the XY plane are 1.1 dB in the FM service band and 8.8 dB in the DMB service band.

Transparent Antenna for Green Communication Feature: A Systematic Review on Taxonomy Analysis, Open Challenges, Motivations, Future Directions and Recommendations

“…Below shows the fabrication using other methods. [71] liquid injected [40] plasma assisted molecular beam (MBE) epitaxy with RF plasma oxygen source [81] circuit board milling machine [59] injected liquid metal [32] micro-fabrication process [22] silhouette cameo digital craft cutter machine [39] picosun using atomic layer deposition (ALD) [51] standard photolithographic wet etching process with appropriate photomasks [93] annealing process [63] chemical etching process [45] VAN der pauw methods [11,86,88] PCB fabrication processes [83] standard wet etching technology [12] silver epoxy deposits [54] silver-loaded epoxy conductive glue [97] hydrogen to metal deposition processes [97] practical VDP [97] ROLL-TO-ROLL deposition processes…”

“…and can be as Optically Transparent Antennas using a glass as substrate with mesh silver film printed for X-band applications [51] , or a PET substrate with copper (Cu) micro meshed for indoor applications [50] , or with bulk Cu for internet of things (IoT) application [57] , Or with MMF copper is printed on the substrate for UHD TV Applications [2] , or using a quartz substrate with silver epoxy for CubeSats application [12] . and can be a Mesh Antennas using rear glass substrate with metal (Cu) mesh μ-metal mesh film (MMF) for DMB service receiving application [54] , or quarter glasses substrate with MMF (Cu) for DMB service receiving application [55] , or using a Borosilicate glass with copper (Cu) for multifunctional solar antenna devices [67] , or using PET substrate with silver for WLAN system [58] , or using Lexan as substrate with (Cu) for many future wireless applications that are projected to use unlicensed spectrum [62] , or using a square-lattice structure with wired metal mesh (WMM) (Cu) for wireless transparent usages [53] , or using a Rogers 6002 substrate with wire mesh for cube satellites (CubeSats) and Other Small Satellites [52] ,or using a transparent acryl substrate with MMF (Cu) for Wi-Fi [47]. Twenty-three (28.39 %) articles had looked into conductive metal materials and five type of study (transparent Array antenna, Mesh antenna, Compact and Transparent Antennas, Optically Transparent Antennas, Circuit) to identify or to evaluate transparent antenna approaches.…”

“…Leakage in ground plane can cause back radiation [36]. Lastly, shark-fin antennas suffer from radiation interference in limited space and low reception sensitivity [54]. Under the position of the antenna category, the placing of the antenna was located on the display's right upper side.…”

“…Other benefits include a promising solution for solar panel applications [32], and the introduction of a design paradigm for body-worn applications [84]. One solution is to generate electricity from temperature gradients on a window [39], In favor of making the antenna suitable, two types of antenna have been proposed in addition to preparing spatial, beam, and directional diversity to receive power [55], The optically transparent antenna enables the set up in a wider space [54]. The transmitarray (TA) is optically transparent and has the potential for beam steering in H-plane, as well as robustness mechanical [78].…”

“…In the near future, it is expected that many applications will be linked with the proposed TCF antenna in transparent devices. In general, both space and design freedom needed to establish future automotive antennas can be offered by utilizing transparent antenna on the rear glass [54]. Its great features, such as being light, low profile, highly transparent, and flexible, have made it a suitable candidate for applications where an antenna needs to be placed on non-coplanar surfaces or wearable electronic systems [68].…”