Transparent antenna using a μ‐metal mesh on the quarter glasses of an automotive for DMB service receiving

Abstract

This study aims to design a transparent antenna that operates at a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) service band (174‐216 MHz) for an automotive (Hyundai K5). The transparent antenna designed on the quarter glasses located on both sides of an automotive to avoid space limitation typically placed in a roof‐mounted shark‐fin. Moreover, the use of a micro‐metal mesh film (μ‐MMF) enables the antenna to minimize visual perception and size consideration through its transparency. Two types of transparent antennas (inverted F antenna; Case1 and top‐loading inverted F; Case 2) are designed, fabricated, and measured. The transparent antennas have an average peak gain of 13.2 dBi for the inverted F antenna and 12.54 dBi for the top‐loading inverted F in the overall DMB service band. The receiving RF power (dBm) of the antenna on the quarter glasses is compared for the reliability of the signal reception in two separate locations. The power level has a difference of less than 3 dBm by location and direction.

Transparent Antenna for Green Communication Feature: A Systematic Review on Taxonomy Analysis, Open Challenges, Motivations, Future Directions and Recommendations

“…Materials have enormous problems; they are still prone to some challenges that stand as a deterrent to researchers. The challenges in terms of materials are categorized into six parts: (1) Replace traditional materials with TCM or new materials for the antenna [41,55,69], (2) Difficulty for fabrication, especially to produce thin transparent metallic film [50], (3) Material performance limitation that can limit research work on transparent antenna [32,58,67], (4) Materials that affect antenna design [48], 5Costly and rare materials that have not been assessed [14]. For instance, although ITO is commonly used, it is costly and brittle due to its rare-earth indium component [27], [30], and (6) Materials that have not been examined in light of design and materials loss [32].…”

“…and can be as Optically Transparent Antennas using a glass as substrate with mesh silver film printed for X-band applications [51] , or a PET substrate with copper (Cu) micro meshed for indoor applications [50] , or with bulk Cu for internet of things (IoT) application [57] , Or with MMF copper is printed on the substrate for UHD TV Applications [2] , or using a quartz substrate with silver epoxy for CubeSats application [12] . and can be a Mesh Antennas using rear glass substrate with metal (Cu) mesh μ-metal mesh film (MMF) for DMB service receiving application [54] , or quarter glasses substrate with MMF (Cu) for DMB service receiving application [55] , or using a Borosilicate glass with copper (Cu) for multifunctional solar antenna devices [67] , or using PET substrate with silver for WLAN system [58] , or using Lexan as substrate with (Cu) for many future wireless applications that are projected to use unlicensed spectrum [62] , or using a square-lattice structure with wired metal mesh (WMM) (Cu) for wireless transparent usages [53] , or using a Rogers 6002 substrate with wire mesh for cube satellites (CubeSats) and Other Small Satellites [52] ,or using a transparent acryl substrate with MMF (Cu) for Wi-Fi [47]. Twenty-three (28.39 %) articles had looked into conductive metal materials and five type of study (transparent Array antenna, Mesh antenna, Compact and Transparent Antennas, Optically Transparent Antennas, Circuit) to identify or to evaluate transparent antenna approaches.…”

“…Lastly, some antennas are designed for varied locations, such as an aperture in the rear end of the roof for FM radio, and roof cavity. Thus, seeking a viable antenna position while reducing its visual perception and design consideration is challenging [55].…”

“…Other benefits include a promising solution for solar panel applications [32], and the introduction of a design paradigm for body-worn applications [84]. One solution is to generate electricity from temperature gradients on a window [39], In favor of making the antenna suitable, two types of antenna have been proposed in addition to preparing spatial, beam, and directional diversity to receive power [55], The optically transparent antenna enables the set up in a wider space [54]. The transmitarray (TA) is optically transparent and has the potential for beam steering in H-plane, as well as robustness mechanical [78].…”

“…There are many ways for using TCFs for transparent devices. Generally, both space and design freedom are needed to establish future automotive antennas by utilizing transparent antennas on quarter glasses [55]. For the sake of improvement of optical and electrical performances in transparent antennas, it is vital that research work investigates the different materials composite of TCFs.…”