Transorbital Penetrating Skull-Base Injuries: Two Severe Cases with Wooden Branches and Review of the Literature

Penetrating transorbital injury by a coloring pencil in a 3-year-old child: A case report

“…The outcome of intraorbital penetrating injuries varies significantly depending on the type of injury and the involvement of vital structures. 2,4,5 Ozer et al 4 described a 4-year-old boy who presented with a craniofacial injury caused by a pencil that had penetrated the anterior wall of the right maxillary sinus, medial orbital wall, ethmoidal air cells, nasal septum, and cribriform plate. Surgery was performed with manual extraction of the pencil in the operating room.…”

“…These types of injuries account for only about 25% of all penetrating head injuries in adults and 50% of those in children. 1 – 3 They are usually the result of falls or motor vehicle collisions and occur more commonly in children because children are prone to trauma while playing games and catching each other. 4 – 6 Intraorbital foreign body penetration may lead to blindness or even death caused by concomitant intracranial tissue injury.…”

Presentation, Workup, and Management of Penetrating Transorbital and Transnasal Injuries: A Case Report and Systematic Review

“…Therefore, most cases (6/8 [75%]) of permanent blindness in our review were attributed to optic nerve injury. 1,2,4,11,[19][20][21][22] Also, vascular injury with a purely transorbital trajectory can be common because the FB traveling at a low velocity is often directed by the cone-shaped orbit to the cavernous sinus and carotid. 1,2 FBs with a transorbital only trajectory often present with an orbital or intracranial hematoma.…”