“…Notwithstanding the potential advantages of TORS described above, several important complications have also been reported (48), most notably including postoperative bleeding, a potentially life-threatening complication (21). Reported rates of major postoperative hemorrhage are as high as 9.8% (16, 30).…”
In recent years, interest in functional organ preservation surgery (FOPS) in the treatment of head and neck cancer has increased dramatically as clinicians seek to minimize the adverse effects of treatment while maximizing survival and quality of life. In this context, the use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is becoming increasingly common. TORS is a relatively new and rapidly-evolving technique, with a growing range of treatment indications. A wide range of novel, flexible surgical robots are now in development and their commercialization is expected to significantly expand the current indications for TORS. In the present review, we discuss the current and future role of this organ-preserving modality as the central element in the multimodal treatment of head and neck cancer.
“…Notwithstanding the potential advantages of TORS described above, several important complications have also been reported (48), most notably including postoperative bleeding, a potentially life-threatening complication (21). Reported rates of major postoperative hemorrhage are as high as 9.8% (16, 30).…”
In recent years, interest in functional organ preservation surgery (FOPS) in the treatment of head and neck cancer has increased dramatically as clinicians seek to minimize the adverse effects of treatment while maximizing survival and quality of life. In this context, the use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is becoming increasingly common. TORS is a relatively new and rapidly-evolving technique, with a growing range of treatment indications. A wide range of novel, flexible surgical robots are now in development and their commercialization is expected to significantly expand the current indications for TORS. In the present review, we discuss the current and future role of this organ-preserving modality as the central element in the multimodal treatment of head and neck cancer.
Objectives
In this review, we discuss oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) treatment options with a focus on the molecular mechanisms of OPSCC in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and head and neck cancers (HNCs). Treatment can be radical intent (aim for cure) or palliative intent (aim for disease control and symptom management). OPSCC is a prominent subset of HNSCCs in Australia and the Western World.
Method
We looked at the current conventional treatment options with an overview of recent advances and future endeavours.
Key findings
We identified that radiotherapy is the primary management for OPSCC in most countries, including the USA, UK, NZ, and Australia. In contrast, surgery is only considered for superficial OPSCC or neck surgery. If surgery is incomplete, then definitive management still requires radiotherapy.
Conclusion
Molecular therapy is largely at the preclinical stage, with cetuximab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, Lenvatinib, and bevacizumab being tested clinically currently.
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